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Vi 


Royal 
Photograph   GaHery 


Placing  on  .     .    . 
Home   Exhibition 


i. 


e  PHOTOGRAPHS^ 


OF   THE 

Majestic   and   Imposing   in    Nature ;    the   Beautiful   and   Inspiring  in  Art ;  the  Grandly  Scenic, 

EventfuIIy    Historic    and    Strikingly   Descriptive;     Including    Impressive    Scenes, 

Heroic    Events   and    Famous    Achievements   which   Mark    Human 

Progress  and  Distinguish  the  Nations  of  Earth 

TO   WHICH    IS   ADDED 

"l^ortraits  of  th6  World's  Most  Tamous  People 

INTRODUCED    BY 

JOHN  CLARK   RIDPATH,  LL.  D. 

America's  Famous  and  Foremost  Historian 


PEOPLES   PUBLISHING  CO. 

PHILADELPHIA 


Entered  accordinK  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1899 

In  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress,  at  Washington,  D.  C. 
All  Rights  Reserved 


lOAN  STACK 

GIPT 


Th«  lllHStrailons  In  thl«  art  work  arc  Irom 
orlKlnal  photagrapha,  and  are  (ully  protccled  by 
copyrlKht.  Their  reproduction  In  any  furm  l>  un- 
lawlul,  and  notice  It  hereby  given  that  person* 
guilty  of  Infringing  the  copyright  thereof  will  bf 
prosecuted  t«  the  full  e>tcnt  of  the  law. 


Rg8 


Introduction. 


The  title  of  Royal  Photograph 
Gallery  sufficiently  indi- 
cates"'the  scope  and  character 
of -1:h^|)resent  work.  .  The  pub- 
lisTiers  in  preparing  the  volume 
have~galhered  their  materials  from 
almost. every  ^orm  of  art  and  from  every 
quarter  of  the  xyqrld»  The  gallery  is  made 
up  of  elegant  photographic  reproductions 
representing  the  marvels 
of  the  natural  world  and 
the  principal  products  of 
the  genius  and  hand  of 
man.  The  style  in  which 
the  pictures  are  presented 
is  in  all  particulars  such  > 
as  to  commend  the  volume  to! 
the  public.  The  appearance  of 
such  a  work,  appealing  as  it  does 
to  the  eye  and,  through  the 
eye,  to  the  understanding, 
suggests  by  way  of  intro- 
duction a  few  reflections 
on  the  importance  of  the 
sense  of  sight  in  instructing 
the  mtellect  and  delighting  fancy. 
With  the  old  Greeks  ^o  see  was  to  know.  The  same  word  which  expressed 
the  act  of  vision  denoted  also  the  perception  of  the  mind.  Nor  may  it  be 
doubted  that  of  all  the  avenues  between  the  inner  soul  of  man  and  the  outef 
world  of  visible  and  tangible  things,  the  sense  of  sight  is  the  brightest  and  most 
delightful.  Vision  is  the  sense  alike  of  information  and  ideality— the  open  way 
of  knowledge  and  of  dreams. 


It  may  surprise  the  reader  to  reflect  how 
much  of  the  learning  and  wisdom  of  mankind 
has  been  gathered  through  the  sense  of  sight 
True  it  is  that  every  child  of  man  learns  to 
speak  by  the  ear ;  but  no  sooner  is  oral  utter- 
ance attained  than  the  actual  beginnings  of 
wisdom  are  found  and  followed  by  the  eye. 
Henceforth  through  all  the  devious  ways  and 
hard  tasks  of  learning  it  is  the  eye  that  leads 
and  informs  the  mind.  The  crooked  marks  of 
the  alphabet,  the  curious  forms  of  words,  the 
combination  of  words  into  a  vehicle  of  thoughts 
and  ideas,  the  construction  of  that  written  and 
printed  page  out  of  which  the  accumulated 
'ntelligence  of  the  world  flashes  into  the  mind  of  the  learner—  all  this  must  be 
gained  and  mastered  by  the  eye. 

The  eye  makes  us  acquainted  with  nature  and  with  man.  It  brings  to  us  a 
knowledge  of  the  illimitable  past  and  spreads  before  us  a  picture  of  the  mar- 
velous present.  It  reveals  to  us  the  landscapes  of  all  continents  and  reaches  off 
to  the  islands  of  the  seas.  It  leads  us  through  the  streets  of  olden  cities; 
carries  us  easily  to  the  summits  of  inaccessible  mountains  ;  sets  us  free  with 
the  strong-winged  eagles  that  circle  the  tops  of  the  redwoods  of  Mariposa,  and 
bears  us  at  a  glance  to  the  planets  and  stars.  All  the  other  senses  with  which 
we  are  endowed  are  limited  to  the  narrow  circumference  of  our  own  being  or 
the  few  poor  roods  of  street  or  field  where  we  live.  Taste  is  in  the  tongue : 
touch  reaches  no  further  than  the  fmger-tips  ;  the  heaviest  gun  or  loudest  roar 
of  volcano  can  only  catch  the  ear  at  the  distance  of  a  few  miles.  All  the  rest  is 
silence  I  But  the  sight  of  the  eye  is  as  infinite  as  the  star-sprinkled  dome  of 
space.  The  remotest  world  of  creation  hardly  escapes  the  discovery  and  visita- 
tion of  the  mind  issuing  forth  through  the  narrow  pupil  of  the  eye. 

The  modern  age  more  than  the  ancient  has  availed  itself  of  seeing.  The 
spirit  of  seeing  has  entered  into  literature.  The  writers  of  the  former  centuries 
were  localized  and  sequestered.  Those  of  the  present  age  are  ubiquitous.  It 
may  well  surprise  us  to  reflect  upon  the  isolation  of  mankind  which  prevailed 
over  all  the  world  until  the  dawn  of  the  present  era.  Men  lived  apart  and  saw 
nothing — knew  nothing  beyond  their  local  environment.  They  heard  nothing 
save  that  which  came  by  vague  report.  They  were  able  to  verify  nothing 
because  of  the  constraint  and  thrall  by  which  they  were  held  to  a  given  spot. 
The  ideas  which  they  entertained  of  things  distant  were  inadequate  and  often 


I 


grotesque.  No  man  could  report  from  personal  observation  the  character  of 
the  peoples  in  foreign  lands  or  the  aspects  of  the  civilization  which  they  had 
created.  The  few  emissaries  and  travelers  who  ventured  across  the  great  land- 
scapes of  the  world  were  like  the  stray  meteors  of  the  June  sky :  they  were 
seen  rather  than  seeing,  and  were  more  astonishing  than  astonished  amid  the 
scenes  of  their  visitation. 

To  all  this  an  age  of  travel  has  succeeded.  Seeing  has  taken  the  place  of 
vague  tradition.  The  beneficent  reign  of  science  has  brought  in  the  means  of 
going  abroad  over  all  the  earth.  The  globe  has  become  a  landscape  for  human 
eyes.  The  continents  are  traced  in  every  part  with  the  easy  lines  of  intercourse, 
and  the  seas  have  become  thoroughfares.  There  is  hardly  any  longer  an  isolated 
town  or  an  unvisited  square  league  of  territory  in  our  terrestrial  abode.  The 
result  has  been  the  rectification  of  knowledge.  History  has  been  written  anew 
and  fitted  in  time  and  place  to  the  surface  of  the  globe.  Ships  are  no  longer 
wrecked  on  the  coast  of  Bohemia,  as  they  were  in  the  time  of  Shakespeare,  and 
Nineveh  is  no  longer  on  the  banks  of  the  Euphrates,  as  it  was  in  Lord  Byron's 
day. 

We  might  well  dwell  upon  the  new  history  which  has  sprung  from  the 
investigations  and  witness  of  the  eye.  Behold  Wilkinson  and  Ebers  in  Egypt ; 
Rawlinson  and  Smith  among  the  ruins  of  the  Mesopotamian  cities ;  Mommsen 
exploring  the  relics  of  Rome  ;  Schliemann  digging  up  the  foundations  of  heroic 
Troy  I  Out  of  such  work  a  new  and  true  concept  of  the  life  and  activity  of 
man  on  the  earth  has  been  derived,  and  as  the  results  are  published  to 
the  world,  the  old  myths  and  traditions  of  the  human  race  fall  back  and 
are  lost  in  the  shadows. 

The  leading  adjunct  of  modern  historical  and  scientific  research  is 
Photography.    This  is  the  form  in  which  the  results  of  the  new  method 
of  inquiry  are  first  recorded.    Strange  it  is  that  the  picture 
should  have  come  back  and  insinuated  itself  in  the 
place  of  the  word.    It  might  also  be  said  that  the  age 
of  pictures  is  to  succeed  the  age  of  words.    It  is 
as  though  the  hieroglyphics  of  antiquity  should 
have  returned  to  contest  with  language 
and  printing  the  empire  of  the  worldl 
Nor  should  we,  in  this  connection,  fail 
to  remember  that  while  most  of  the 
written  and  nearly  all  of  the  spoken 
languages  of  ancient  times  have  per- 
ished from  the  knowledge  of  mankind, 


•2he  old  picture-writings  of  Egypt  still  stand  out  clear  and  bright  as  in  the 
morning  of  their  creation. 

The  camera  has  become  one  of  the  implements  of  the  intellectual  life 
throughout  the  world.  The  current  civilization  seems  to  be  striving  to  per- 
petuate itself  in  authentic  outlines  by  the  device  of  light  and  shade.  The  real 
importance  of  this  method  of  preserving  the  current  aspects  of  man-life  in  the 
world  can  hardly  be  over-estimated.  A  few  photographs  preserved  from 
antiquity  might  change  our  concept  of  whole  chapters  in  ancient  history.  What 
'Would  the  modern  world  give  for  a  good  photograph  or  photographic  reproduc- 
tion of  the  walls  and  hanging  gardens  of  Babylon  ?  What  would  be  the  value 
of  a  true  negative  of  the  Colossus  of  Rhodes,  of  the  gold  and  ivory  statue  of 
•Jupiter,  of  the  temple  of  Diana  of  the  Ephesians?  How  much  would  the 
British  Museum  pay  for  a  photograph  of  the  dedication  of  the  temple  of 
Solomon,  of  a  gladiatorial  combat  in  the  arena,  of  the  Roman  Senate  listening  to 
the  reading  of  despatches  from  C^sar  in  Gaul  ?  Would  not  the  poorest  ambro- 
type  of  Socrates  or  the  Christ  outrank  all  the  glories  of  Michael  Angelo's  frescoes 
or  the  divinest  faces  of  Raphael  ? 

This  great  lack  in  pictorial  reproduction,  which  modern  scholarship  so  much 
deplores  in  attempting  to  form  a  true  estimate  of  the  life  of  antiquity,  the  pres- 
ent age  is  attempting  to  supply  for  itself  and  the  future.  The  future  may  know, 
if  it  will,  the  likeness  of  man  and  the  aspects  of  civilization  in  the  Nineteenth 
Century.  The  camera  turns  its  wakeful  eye  in  this  direction  and  in  that.  It 
glances  everywhere  ;  it  looks  at  rivers  and  ruins,  at  mills  and  merchant  ships, 
at  trophies  and  temples,  at  palaces  and  mausoleums,  at  city  squares  and  com- 
mercial marts,  at  light-houses  and  gymnasia,  at  royal  gardens  and  the  graves  of 
peasants,  at  the  faces  of  men  and  the  discs  of  the  eternal  stars  1  Nor  need  we 
fear  that  the  recorded  results  of  these  reproductions  of  human  life  and 
of  the  natural  world  will  fade  and  perish.  A  well-made  photograph 
may  last  as  long  as  the  Turin  Papyrus,  and  that  has  endured  since  the 
age  of  the  Pharaohs 

Photography  may  be  defmed  as  the  art  of  making  all 

men  travelers.    Civilization,  though  she  has  brought  the 

opportunity,  has  not  yet  brought  to  all  the  ability 

to  go  abroad  and  visit  the  world.    The  close  of 

our  century  still  finds  the  great  majority  con- 

'•>,^  fmed  to  narrow  limits  of  neighborhood  or 

state — shut  off  from  the  inspiring 

•sight  of  the  great  things  of  earth. 

The  situation  has  suggested  the 


illustrated  lecture,  the  use  of  the  stereopticon  as  a  means  of  displaying  the  cities 
and  scenery,  the  arts  and  the  enterprises  of  mankind.  It  has  also  suggested 
what  is  better  and  more  enduring,  namely,  the  reproduction  in  artistic  form  of 
photographic  originals  of  the  most  wonderful  features  of  the  natural  worl'd  and 
the  most  interesting  products  of  the  human  genius.  It  has  thus  happeneo,  'hat 
photography,  from  being  a  mere  process  of  portrait  making,  has  become  one  ot 
the  principal  means  of  recording  the  best  of  all  things  knowable  and  of  diffusing 
a  knowledge  of  the  same  to  the  people. 

The  advantages  of  pictorial  representation  as  a  m.eans  of  informing  and 
verifying  can  hardly  be  exaggerated.  Wherever  travel  is  impracticable— wti^r' 
ever  the  mountains  and  seas  divide  the  eager  mind  from  the  objects  of  its  long- 
ing  and  search — there  the  lens,  with  its  quick  flash  of  light  and  swiftly-caught 
image  of  nature  or  work  of  m^an,  has  come  in  to  supply  the  deficiency  and  to 
transmit  to  humble  homes  in  distant  lands  the  picture  and  vision  of  the  reality. 
It  is  needless  tc  dwell  upon  the  vivid  and  lasting  impressions  made  on  the 
mind  by  pictorial  representations.  After  the  seeing  of  the  eye  these  are  best. 
By  them  the  memory  is  traced  with  indelible  images,  and  the  imagination  is 
lifted  and  borne  away  across  continents  and  oceans''  With  "the  picture  before 
us  time  and  space  are  suddenly  obliterated.  In  a  moment  we-ar-eini^ndon,.  in 
Paris,  in  Cairo,  in  Bombay,  m  Melbourne.  We  are  with  Shakespeare's  dust,  in 
the  haunts  of  Burns,  looking  down  from  St.  Peter's  on  outspread  Rome,  walking 
among  the  ruins  of  the  Acropolis,  tracing  the  pathways  where  the  Son  of  Mary 
journeyed  and  taught.  We  are  with  the  great  actors — with  Csesar  and  Qharle- 
magne,  with  Napoleon  and  Washington;  We  are  with  the  immortal  artfsts,  from 
Praxiteles  and  Phidias  to  Meissonier  and  Bartholdi.  _  '■ 

The  publishers  of  the  Royal  Photograph  Gallery  have,  as  we 'have 
said,  gathered  the  materials  for  their  work  out  of  almost  every  country  of  the 
world.  Their  aim  has  been  to  select  and  preserve  the- best.  They  have  sought 
with  artistic  success  to  reproduce  in  this  volume  the  most  striking  aspects  of  ! 
the  natural  world  and  the  highest  and  most  beautiful  works  of  man.  The  col-j 
lection  in  its  .entirety  is  a  delight  to4heeye  and  an  inspiration  to  the  mind.i 
The  possessor  of  this  elegant;  volume  will  fmd  in  it  history,  poetry  and  art.  He 
will  himself  become  a  traveler;  he  will  see  reproduced  in  this  paiHorama  of 

I  views  the  principal  wonders  of  the   natural   world  and  will   dwell,  for  the! 

I  hour,  amid  the  chief  monuments  and  trophies  of  the  human  race.  i 


— New  York,  June,  189^. 


y,a^Lx.^£<i>^ 


AN  OLD  ENGLISH  PUBLIC  hOUSE. 


W  ASHINOTON'S  HEADQUARTERS  AT  VALLEY  POROE. 

The  old  thntche<l  public-lioiisc  of  the  \\\i\k:t  illiistmtioii  is  typicnl  of  a  clnss  of  Imildings  of  which  many  survive 
hi  llu'  iiiiil<lk-  mill  south  of  I{iik1i>ii<I.  In  some  purely  iiKriculturnl  districts  they  arc  still  numerous.  Their  ncst-Iike, 
coinfortable  iis]K'rt  are  most  iiivitiiiK,  and  their  unpretending  architecture  and  \xnlant  settiti);,  this  sprinkletl  with 
odorous  (lowers  and  the  home  of  s<>nn-l>irds  in  variety,  are  artistic  anil  lieautiful  in  the  hi>{hest  dejfree.— The  old  stone 
mansion  at  Valley  l"or>{e  used  by  Washinj^ton  anil  his  staff,  is  ke|>t  in  >f«o«l  repnir  ami  invites  jMlriutic  inspection. 


CITY  OF  Rro  DE  JANEIRO,  BRAZIL. 


C4li 


UNITED  STATES  CRUISER   "  SAN    FRANCISCO." 

The  capital  of  Brazil  has  one  of  the  finest  harbors  in  the  world,  pear-shaped,  its  neck  oceanward  and  a  mile  in 
width.  Within,  the  placid  waters  are  dotted  with  peaks,  islands  and  fortresses,  the  city  a  huge  aniphitheatre  with 
noble  mountains  in  the  background.  Rio  Janeiro  has  a  lively  and  sprightly  population,  and  is  provided  with  the 
accessories  of  advanced  civilization  ;  but  the  visitor  is  struck  with  the  sickly  and  undersized  appearance  of  the  male 
white  population.  Rio  Janeiro  women  appear  to  spend  a  good  part  of  their  time  staring  out  upon  the  street. — The 
"San  Francisco"  is  a  first-rate,  unannored  vessel  of  the  United  States  Navy,  of  the  type  protected  cruiser.  She  has  a 
steel  hull,  is  propelled  by  twin  screws,  has  three  masts,  twelve  guns  in  her  main  battery,  and  a  displacement  of  4083 
tons.  The  "San  Francisco"  represents  the  new  navy,  created  within  a  few  years,  and  giving  particular 
distinction  to  the  administrations  of  Secretaries  Whitney  and  Tracy,  representing  respectively  the  Democratic  and 
Republican  parties. 


a  -3   u 


i§i  of  ]^I\oio€jpa|>I\$. 


PORTRAITS. 


PAQB 

Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States 17 

Justice  Harlan,  Justice  S.  J.  Field, 

Justice  Shiras,  Justice  Brewer, 

Chief  Justice  Fuller,  Justice  Brown, 

Justice  Blatchford,  Justice  Gray, 

Justice  Jackson. 

Mrs.  Qrover  Cleveland iS 

Qrover  Cleveland 19 

President  Cleveland  and  his  Cabinet 20 

Secretary  Herbert,      .  Secretary  Lament, 

Secretary  Gresham,  Secretary  Carlisle, 

President  Cleveland,  Secretary  Morton, 

Secretary  Hoke  Smith,  Attorney-General  Olney, 

Postmaster-General  BisseU. 

Vice-President  and  Senators 21 

C.  F.  Manderson,  H.  M.  Teller,  W.  T.  Frye, 

G.  G.  Vest,  M.  S.  Quay,  E.  C.  Walthall, 

A.  H.  Colquitt,  G.  F.  Hoar,  J.  T.  Morgan, 

A.  E- Stevenson,  C.S.Blackburn,  Wm.  Lindsay, 

O.  H.  Piatt,  Z.  B.  Vance,  H.  L.  Dawes, 

W.  B.  Allison,  Don  Cameron,  S.  M.  CuUom, 
Geo.  L.  Shroup,             David  B.  Hill. 

5peaker  and  Members  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives, U.  S 22 

Thos.  McRae,  John  S.  Henderson, 

John  H.  Gear,  Chas.  Tracy, 

C.  F.  Crisp,  W.  J.  Bryan, 

W.  H.  Grain,  L  H.  Goodnight, 

H.  H.  Bingham,  David  B.  Henderson, 

David  B.  Culberson,  Chas.  A.  Boutelle, 

James  J.  Belden,    .  W.  C.  P.  Breckenridge, 

Wm.  J.  Stone,  Julius  C.  Burrows, 

A.  J.  Hopkins,  W.  Bourke  Cochran, 

.  Gen.  Daniel  Sickles,  W.  S.  Wilson. 

Presidents  of  the  United  States  .........    23 

John  Tyler,  Millard  Filmore, 

John  Quincy  Adams,  William  H   Harrison, 

James  Madison,  James  K.  Polk, 

Martin  Van  Buren,  Zachary  Taylor, 

James  Monroe,  Abraham  Lincoln, 

George  Washington,  Grover  Cleveland, 

Andrew  Jackson,  Thomas  Jefferson, 

Rutherford  B.  Hayes,  Chester  A.  Arthur, 

Ulysses  S.  Grant,  James  A.  Garfield, 

Benjamin  Harrison,  James  Buchanan, 

Andrew  Johnson;  Franklin  Pierce, 
John  Adams. 


Twenty-eight  Governors 


Russell  Brown, 

Foster, 

Stone, 

J.  W.  McGraw, 

G.  T.  Werts, 

Luzon  B  Morris, 

J.  P.  Altgeld, 

Crounce, 

Rich, 


Fichback, 

Boies, 

Russell, 

Knute  Nelson, 

Pattison, 

Frank  Brown, 

Thos.  G.  Jones, 

Peter  Turney, 

Hogg, 

J.  M.   Stone. 


McCorkle, 
Rickards, 
Chas.  Sheldon, 
L.  D.  Lewelling^ 
B.  R.  Tillman, 
Levi  Fuller, 
W.  J.  Northea, 
S.  Pennoyer, 
Geo.  W.  Peck, 


Harrison  and  his  Cabinet . 

Secretary  Tracy, 
Secretary  Noble, 
Post.-Gen.  Wanamaker, 
Secretary  Elkins, 

Prominent  Republicans    . 

J.  Sloat  Fassett, 

Wolcott, 

Senator  Stanford, 

Reed, 

Senator  Hawley, 

Morton, 

Chandler, 

McKinley, 

Senator  McMillan, 

Lodge, 


Secretary  Rusk, 
Attorney-General  Miliar 
Secretary  Foster, 
President  Harrison, 


Powell  Clayton, 
Warner  Miller, 
W.  W.  Phelps, 
Hiscock, 
F'red.  Douglass, 
Senator  Aldricli, 
Depew, 
Lincoln, 
Cannon, 
Whitelaw  Reid. 


Prominent  Democrats af 


Vilas, 

Senator  Gorman, 

William  C.  DeWitt, 

S.  Brice, 

Bayard, 

Wm.  F.  Harrity, 

Boies, 

Don  Dickenson, 

Williams. 

General  Slocum, 

W.  F.  Sheehan, 

Isaac  P.  Gray, 

R.  Croker, 

Hugh  McLaughlin, 


Ex-Mayor  Grace, 
Governor  Flower, 
Edward  Murphy, 
Maj.  Charles  H.  Jonei^ 
R.oger  Q.  Mills, 
Gov.  jas.  E.  CampbeH, 
John  G.  Carlisle, 
Hensel, 

W.  C.  Whitney, 
Vorhees, 
Springer, 
L.  C.  Fairchild, 
Fellows, 
Henry  Watterson. 


Generals  of  Army  Since  the  War a 


General  Meigs, 
General  O.  O.  Howard, 
General  Crook, 
General  W.  S.  Hancock, 
General  Augur, 
General  Merritt, 


Gen.  Alex.  McD.  McCook^ 
General  Scofield, 
General  Terry, 
General  Dunn, 
General  Miles, 
General  Custer. 


(9) 


lO 


LIST   OF   PHOTOGRAPHS. 


Celebrated  Union  Qenerals 29 


General  Beiij.  F.  Butler, 
General  A.  K.  Buniside, 
General  J  no.  A.  Loj^an, 
General  N.  P.  Banks, 
General  Jno.  Sedj^wick, 
General  Geo.  G.  Meade, 


General  Wni.  T.  Sherman, 
General  Geo.  H.  Thomas, 
General  U.  S.  Grant, 
General  Joseph  Hooker, 
General  Phil.  E.  Sheridan, 
General  Judson  Kilpatrick, 


Famous  Confederate  Generals 30 


General  Moseby, 
Gen.  P.  G.  T.  Beauregard, 
General  Jubal  A.  Early, 
General  A.  P.  Hill, 
General  J.  B.  Hoo<l, 
General  Braxton  Bragg, 


General  Thos.  J.  Jackson, 
General  Jas.  I^ongstreet, 
General  Robert  E.  Lee, 
General  J.  E.  B.  Stuart, 
General  A.  S.  Johnston, 
General  Jos.  E.Johnston. 


Leaders  of  the  Navy 31 


Rear-Admiral  Walker, 
Rear-Adniiral  Greer, 
Rear-Admiral  Bryson, 
Secretary  Herbert, 


Lieutenant  Lemly, 
Rear-Admiral  Gherardi, 
Commander  A.  W.  Weaver, 
Rear-Admiral  Belknap, 


Commodore  James  O.  Gillis 
Commander  Richard  Warsaw  Meade, 

Foreign  Ministers 32 

Sir  Julian  Pauncefote,  Mr.  Yi, 

Senor  Roque  Casal  Carranza.  Dr.  Bustemonte, 

Gen.  Don  Coesar  Cauevoro,  Manuel  Mde.  Peralta, 

Gozo  Tzteno,  Mavroyeni  Bey, 

E.  de  Muruaga,  Souza  Roza, 

Mr.  Claparde,  Prince  Cantacuzene. 


Bishops  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church 


33 


Thoburn, 

Fitzgerald, 

Merrill, 

Walden, 

Newman, 


Foss 

Andrews, 

Simpson, 

Ninde, 

Hurst, 


Mallalicu, 
Fowler, 
John  Wesley, 
Bowman, 
Goodsell, 


Warren, 

Foster, 

Taylor, 

Jo^ce, 

Vincent. 


Bishops  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  Church  . 


34 


John  Williams, 
Alexander  Gregg, 
G.  F.  Seymour, 
W.  A.  I.*onard, 
A.  C.  Coxe, 
W.  E.  McLaren, 
P,  Brooks, 
T.  A.  Starkey, 
T.  M.  Clark, 
C.  Whitehead, 


A.  N.  Littlejohn. 
Bishop  Walker, 
Samuel  D.  Ferguson, 
W.  F.  Adams, 
F.  McN.  Whittle, 
W.  H.  Hare, 
H.  B.  Whipple, 
W.  I.  Kip, 
W.  Paiet, 
Sylvester  Xuttle, 


Beman    Catholic   Archbishops    oy    the    United 

States 35 


John  Joseph  Williams, 
Francis  )aiissens, 
Wi.liam  H.  Gross, 
Arcubishop  Ireland, 
fred.  Xavicr  Retzer, 

Patrick  W 


William  Henry  Eider, 
Patrick  A.  Feehan, 
Patrick  John  Ryan, 
Peter  Richard  Kenrick, 
John  B.  Salpoiute, 
Riordan, 


Arc  Eminent  Cardinals 36 

Vannutelli,  Simeoni,  Haynald, 

Rampolla,  Sanfelice. 

<toin«iT  Catholic  Leaders  in  America 36 


Archbishop  Corrigan, 
Monsii^or  O'Conuell, 


Cardinal  Gibbons, 
Moiisignor  SatoUL. 


Representative  American  Newspaper  Men 


PAOB 

37 


J.  G.  Bennett, 
J.  B.  McCullogh, 
Whitelaw  Reid, 
Geo,  W.  Childs, 
Frederick  Driscoll, 
C.  A.  Dana, 
E.  M.  O'Neill, 
Jos.  Medill, 
Chas.  H.  Taylor, 
Felix  Agnus, 


Jas.  W.  Scott. 
Murat  Halstesd, 
W.  R.  Hearst, 
Clark  Howell, 
Joseph  Pulitzer, 
Prank  Hatten, 
Victor  F.  LawsoD, 
Wm.  E.  Quinby, 
M.  H.  deVoung, 
Henry  Watterson. 


American  Authors 


Harriet  Beecher  Stowe, 

Washington  Irving, 

T.  B.  Aldrich, 

G.  Bancroft, 

O.  W.  Holmes, 

Ella  W.  Wilcox, 

Emerson, 

Longfellow, 

Eliz.  Stuart  Phelps, 

George  W.  Curtis, 


Jno.  G.  Whittier, 
William  H.  Prescolt, 
Nathaniel  Haulhome, 
Bret  Harte, 

Mrs.  Hodgson  Burnett, 
Wm.  Dean  Howell*, 
Walt  Witnian, 
Lowell, 
Ivlgar  A.  Poe, 
Mark  Twain. 


Foreign  Authors j^ 


Schiller, 
Thomas  Carlyle, 
Macaulay, 
John  Milton, 
Browning, 
Goethe, 


Sir  E.  Arnold, 


Kipling, 

Ouida, 
Voltaire, 
Tennyson, 
Shakespeare, 
Jules  Verne, 


John  Ruskin, 
Thomas  Moore, 
Sir  Walter  Scott, 
Haggard, 
Victor  Hugo, 
Charles  Dick 


Charles  Kingsley. 


Millionaires  .  . 

W.  W.  Astor, 


Henry  Clews, 
D.  O.  Mills, 
Henry  Villard, 
W.  H.  VanderhiH 
Jay  Gould, 
Levi  P.  Morton, 
James  G   F<ut. 
Addisoc  CammaCki 
Whiteiaw  Reio. 


H.  Victor  NewconU\ 
B.  C.  Stedman, 
J.  W.  Mackay. 
George  I.  Seney, 
George  Gould. 
Cornelius  Vaudeibilt, 
Russell  Sage, 
C  P  HunUngton, 
P.  D.  Armour, 
James  C.  Flood. 


Ureat  Composers 41 


Chopm, 

Weber. 

Richard  Wagner 

Beethoven, 

Liszt, 

Haydn. 

Verdi, 


Gluck, 

Schubert, 

Mozart, 

Meyerbeer, 

jounod, 

Hacdci 

Bellini. 


Rubinstein, 

Bach, 

Mendelssohn, 

Schumaim 

Sir  Arthur  SulliTwa, 

Rossini, 


Noted  Players  and  .Smgers 


Dei  Puente,         Edouard  de  Reszke,  Albani, 

Tamagno  Paderewski,  Matema, 

Lilli  Lehman,    Chri.stin  Nilson,  Schalchi, 

Gnilia  Ravogli,  Marannie  Brandt,  Melba, 

Patti,  Theo.  Reichmann,  Eames, 

Van  Zandt,         Jean  de  Reszke,  Max  Alvary, 


I^asalle, 


CampaninL 


Actors  and  Actresses  in  Costume 43 

Loic  Fuller,  Amelia  Glover,  Sothern, 

Marie  Jansen,         I^ouis  James.  Tom  Karl, 

Francis  Wilson,     Lillian  Russell,  Delia  Fox, 
Marie  Tempest 

Actors  and  Actresses  In  Costume 44 


Pauline  Hall,  Margaret  Mather,  Mantel. 

Mrs.  I<anglry,        Georgia  Cayvan,  MansfieM. 

Wilson  Barrett,      Jos.  Haworth,  Jane  ll.tding, 
Jessie  Bartlett  Davis. 


LIST  OF  PHOTOGRAPHS. 


II 


PASS 

•    45 


Aunous  Actresses     .  . 

Annie  Pixley, 
Fanny  Davenport, 
Mrs.  Agnes  Booth, 
Rosina  Yokes, 
Julia  Marlowe, 

Famous  Actors 4^ 


Sarah  Bernhardt, 
Rose  Coghlan, 
Mme.  Modjeska, 
Miss  Ellen  Terry, 
Ada  Rehan. 


Neil  Burgess, 
Henry  E.  Dixey, 
Jo  Jefferson, 
Henry  Irving, 
Maurice  Barrymore, 


Denman  Thompson, 
Edwin  Booth, 
James  Lewis, 
Thomasso  Salvini, 
Stuart  Robsou. 


^een  Victoria's  Jubilee  Portrait 47 

Prince  of  Wales  and  His  Family 48 

Prince  Albert  Victor,  Princess  Maud, 

Princess  of  Wales,  Princess  Victoria, 

Prince  of  Wales,  Prince  George, 

Princess  Louise  (Duchess  of  Fife). 

The  QIadstone  Government,  1892 49 

John  Morley,  Earl  Spencer, 

Marquis  of  Ripon,  A.  J.  Mundella, 

Gladstone,  Sir  Geo.  Trevelyan, 

Earl  Roseberry,  Earl  of  Kimberley, 

Sir  William  Vernon  Harcourt 

Tba  Dead  Poet  laureate  of  England 50 

Vhc  Sovereigns  of  Russia,  Denmaric  and  Oreece,  51 


Rulers  and  Leaders  of  Great  Powers s* 

Emperor  William  and  Bismarck, 
Archduchess  Maria  Theresa, 
Prince  Louis  of  Bavaria, 
von  Capri vi, 
Emperor  of  Austria, 
Empress  of  Austria. 

Six  Notables  in  Current  History 53 

Royalty  in  Portugal 54 

President  Carnot,  Prince  of  Naples,  and  King 

and  Queen  of  Italy 55 

Three   Leading   Anti-Home   Rulers —  "  Carmen 
Sylva,"   Ferdinand,  Crown  Prince  of  Rou- 

mania,  and  Mile.  Vacaresco 56 

Infanta  Eulalia 57 

Pope  Leo  XIII.  Borne  in  the  Sedia  Gestatoria  .  .   58 

Twenty  Great  Artists 59 

Raphael,  Corregio,  Rembrandt, 

A.  Van  Dyck,       Angelo,  Reynolds, 

Meissonier,  Verestchagin,      Munkacsy, 

Bouguereau,  Marcus  Stone,      Holman  Hunt, 

Hogarth,  Von  Piloty,  Rosa  Bonheur, 

Millet,  Alma  Tadema,     Burne-Jones, 

E.  Detaille,  Sir  D.  Wilkie. 

Manuscript  and  Portrait  of  St.  Matthew    ....  391 

Oscar  II.,  King  of  Sweden 329 

Queen  Wilhelmlna  Helena  Pauline 339 

Leopold  II.,  King  of  Belgium     339 

President  Diaz,  Mexico 309 


COUNTRIES    PHOTOGRAPH E:D. 


Algiers. 

PAOB 

Summer  Palace  of  the  Governor-General  at  Mus- 

tapha  Snperieur 60 

Mosque  of  El-Djedid 61 

Taking  of  Imalah  Abd-el-Kader 63 

Alaska. 

View  near  Sitka 63 

Unlatok 64 

Steamer  and  Muier  Glacier 65 

Taking  Photographs  at  Peril  Straits 65 

The  Totem  Poles  of  Alaska 66 

Old  Fur  Store 67 

Greek  Church  at  Sitka 67 

Arabia. 

Bedouins  at  Lunch 68 

Uid-day  Rest  in  the  Desert,  between  Mount  Sinai 

and  Akaba 69 

Greek  Church,    Convent  of  St.   Catherine,   Mount 

Sinai 70 

Bedouin  Sheikh  and  Staff,  Petra 71 

An  Arabesque  Salon 73 

Arab  Sheikh  and  Dragoman 73 

Austria. 

Capuchin  Vault 74 

Volksgarten 75 

Kew  Opera  House 76 

Hof  burg  Theatre 77 

Palace  of  Prince  Schwarzenberg 78 

Franzenring 79 

Belgium. 

Halls  of  the  Corporations,  Brussels 80 

The  Bourse,  Brussels 81 

House  of  the  Frank,  Bruges 82 

La  Hahe  Sainte,  Waterloo 83 

Dinant  upon  the  Meuse 84 

The  New  Bourse,  Brussels 171 

Leopold  II 330 

Palace  of  the  King,  Brussels 410 

Bolivia. 

The  Plaza  on  a  Market  Day,  La  Pa<! 85 

Alabaster  Crosses 86 

Cloth  made  by  the  Incas 87 

Antiquities  made  by  the  Incas 88 

Sacred  Virgin  of  Capacabana 89 

Grass  Boats  on  Lake  Titicaca 90 

Canada. 

Ottawa. — A  looking  up  tke  Otuwa  River 91 

Victoria  Square,  Montreal 9a 

Ice  Palace  at  Montrco/' 93 

loa  Camiva;.  Monuob 94 


Canada— (Continned). 

Victoria,  Vancouver's  Island 99 

Parliament  Buildings,  Quebec,  Canada 99 

The  Citadel  at  Quebec 9K 

Ice  Shove  at  Montreal ^ 

Halifax,  Nova  Scotia,  from  Citadel  looking  eait .   .  .  ff 

ChlU. 

Spanish  Aqueduct,  Santa  Lucia,  Santiago 9A 

Gateway  to  Santa  Lucia,  Santiago 99 

Spanish  Coat  of  Arms,  Santa  Lucia,  Santiago  ....  to* 

Residence  at  Santiago loi 

Post-ofiSfe  at  Valparaiso loa 

Palatial  Residence  at  Valparaiso lof 

Harbor  of  Valparaiso 109 

La  Cueca 104 

Country  Fair  in  Chili aq( 

China. 

Gate  or  Pailow,  Peking tat 

Bxamination  Hall,   Peking 107 

Bronze  Lions  at  Wan-Shon-Shan  Gate,  Peking  .  .  .  laS 
Drawing-Room  of  the  United  States  Legation,  Peking.109 

A  Chinese  Inn m 

The  Great  Wall  of  China tu 

The  Governor's  Residence,  Hong-Kong iia 

English  Quarter,  City  of  Hong-Kong lij 

Garden  of  Hong-Kong 113 

Rain  Temple  at  Tien-Tsin I14 

Caravan  at  Rest >lj 

Ancient  Astronomical  Instruments nC 

Ecuador. 

A  Native  House nf 

Mount  Chimborazo lA 

Carriers  of  Quito    ....  119 

The  Public  Fountains  of  Quito 09 

Portico  of  Capitol,  Quito HK 

Post  Station  between  Ambato  and  Quito m 

The  Royal  Road  from  Bodegas  to  Gnaranda m 

Argentine  Republic 

Street  in  Bnenoa  Ayres M» 

Esypt. 

The  Second  Nile  Cataract na 

Nile  Boats  at  Hl-Gizeh I^ 

Boating  on  the  Nile n4 

An  Egyptian  Street •  •  US 

A  Company  of  English  Artillery  in  the  Desert  .  .  .  nft 
Alexandria,  Egypt,  afler  the  Bombarding  and  the 

Looting la* 

The  Suez  Canal  between  the  Mediterranean  and  tha 

Red  Sea n^ 


I") 


LIST  OF  PHOTOGRAPHS. 


>> 


Egypt— (Continued). 

FAGB 

Khartoum,  the  scene  of  General  Gordon's  death  .   .  128 

An  Oriental  Slave  Market 130 

A  Hollow  Square  in  the  Desert 131 

Ascending  the  Pyramids 132 

The  Standing  Obelisks,  Kamak 133 

Karnak 134 

Ruins  from  Philae,  Egypt,  from  the  South 135 

The  Sepulchral  Monument  of  Rameses 136 

Prostrate  Statue  of  Rameses 137 

Ruins  of  Philae 138 

Citadel  of  Cairo 139 

Fountain  of  Ablutions,  Mosque  of  Sultan  Hassan, 

Cairo 140 

Meda,  or  Fountain  of  Ablutions 141 

The  Mosque  of  Mohammed-Ali,  Cairo 142 

Minarets  of  a  Mosque,  Cairo 143 

Horse  lk[erchaut  of  Cairo 144 

The  Tombs,  Cairo 145 

Tombs  of  the  Mamelooks,  Cairo 146 

A  Charge  of  Arab  Cavalry 129 

Egyptian  Soldiers  on  Parade 129 

England. 

Westminster  Abbey 147 

The  Reredos  in  Westminster  Abbey 148 

The  House  of  Lords 149 

London  Bridge 150 

Bank  of  England 151 

Albert  Memorial,  London 152 

Albert  Memorial,  London  (Group  Africa) 153 

Albert  Memorial,  London  (Group  America)    ....  154 

Albert  Memorial,  London  (Group  Asia) 155 

Trafalgar  Square 156 

St  Thomas  Hospital 157 

The  New  Law  Courts,  London 158 

Front  Court,  Trinity  College,  Cambridge 159 

Hawarden  Castle,  near  Chester 160 

His  Captive 161 

General  View  of  the  Tower  of  London 162 

Windsor  Castle 163 

Buckingham  Palace 164 

Ann  Hathaway's  Cottage 165 

Shakespeare's  House,  Stratford-on-Avon 166 

House  of  Parliament 167 

St  Mary's  Abbey,  York 168 

Chapel  of  St.  George,  Windsor 169 

Residence  of  Lord  Salisbury 170 

Horse  Armory,  Tower  of  London 171 

The  Crown  Jewels,  Tower  of  London 171 

Osborn  House,  Queen  Victoria's  Seaside  Villa ....  343 

Garden  Front  of  Windsor  Castle 162 

An  Old  English  Public  House 7 

France. 

Botel  de  Ville,  Paris 172 

Bois  de  Boulogne,  Paris 173 

Lower  Lake,  Bois  de  Boulogne,  Paris 174 

Ifis  Champs  Elysees,  Paris 175 

Les  Halles  Centrals,  Paris 176 

Arch  of  Triumph,  Paris 177 

Hotel  des  Invalides,  Paris 178 


France— (Continued). 

PAOB 

Tomb  of  Napoleon 179 

Palai  du  Trocadero,  Paris 180 

The  Eifel  Tower,  Paris 181 

Church  of  the  Madelaine,  Paris 182 

Stairway  of  the  Grand  Opera  House,  Paris 183 

The  Louvre,  Paris  ...       184 

Place  de  la  Concorde,  Paris 185 

Chariot  of  Louis  XV.,  Paris 186 

Gardens  of  the  Luxembourg,  Paris 187 

La  Place  de  la  Bastille,  Paris 188 

In  the  Forest  of  Fontainbleaa 189 

Bed  of  Anne  of  Austria,  Fontainbleau 190 

Bed  of  Napoleon  I.,  Fontainbleau 191 

Palace  of  Fontainbleau 19* 

School  of  Fine  Arts  and  Library,  Marseilles     ....  193 
Marie  Antoinette  on  Her  Way  to  Execution     ....  194 

Boudoir  of  Marie  Antoinette 195 

Gallery  of  Battles,  Palace  of  Versailles 196 

Hall  of  the  Jeu-de-Paume 197 

Roguet  de  I'Isle  Singing  the  Marseillaise 198 

The  Battle  of  Marseilles 199 

Napoleon  at  the  Battle  of  Jena 200 

A  French  Zouave 201 

Palace  of  the  Popes,  Avignon 264 

Assault  on  the  Malakoff  and  the  Redan,  by  Boutigny,  2oj 

"  Surprised  in  a  Chateau,"  by  Detaille 203 

In  the  Arena 204 

Return  of  the  Sabine  Women,  Louvre  Museum  .   .   .  205 

Quatre  Bras 206 

"  After  the  Bath  " 206 

Monte  Carlo,  Front  View  of  the  Casino 207 

Burning  of  Joan  of  Arc 208 

The  Vision  of  Joan  of  Arc 209 

Longchamps  Palace,  Marseilles 210 

General  View  of  Marseilles 210 

The  Blessing,  Luxembourg,  Paris 211 

St.  Peter's  Church,  Avignon 21a 

Festival  of  St.  Roche aij 

Qermany. 

Emperor's  Palace,  Berlin 214 

Royal  Palace,  or  Schloss,  Berlin •   •    .   .  215 

Palace  of  the  Crown  Prince,  Berlin 216 

The  Castle  Bridge,  Berlin 217 

The  Brandenburg  Gate,  Berlin 218 

Luther  Monument,  Dresden 215 

Guttenberg  House,   Strasburg 320 

Emperor  William   I.,  Moltke  and  Bismarck  at  the 

Siege  of  Paris 331 

The  Congress  of  Berlin,  1878 221 

Theater  Platz,  Wiesbaden 322 

Maximilian   Street,   Munich 223 

Caub  and  Oberwesel 224 

Drachenburg,  A  modern  castle  on  the  Rhine  ....  225 

The  Castle  Sonneck  on  the  Rhine ".225 

Ehrenbreitstein 226 

Bullay  and  Alf  on  the  Mosel 227 

Bell   Alliance   Platz 228 

Pleasure  Garden,  Berlin 339 

The  Royal  Palace,  Charlottenburg,  Prussia 339 


LIST  OF   PHOTOGRAPHS. 


Qermany — (Continued). 

rAo* 

The  Palace,   Coblentz,  Pnusia 331 

Flower  Garden,  Cologne 232 

Ducal  Palace,  Brunswick 233 

The  Schloss  PlaU  at  Stuttgart 233 

Amphitheatre  at  Treves,  Prussia 234 

Greece. 

Prison  of  Socrates,  Athens 335 

Modem  Athens 167 

Hawaii. 

Government  House 336 

Bird's  Eye  View  of  Honolulu  on  the  Day  of  Revolu- 
tion, U.  S.  Troops  in  Possession  of  the  Field  .   .  236 
Hawaiian  Feast 337 

Holland. 

Amsterdam  Gate,  Haarlem 238 

Slaughter  of  the  Ten  Thousand 239 

The  Palace  at  Amsterdam 340 

Old  Windmill  at  Haarlem 340 

The  Holy  Land. 

Young  Girl  in  Holiday  Attire 315 

Railroad  Station  at  Jerusalem 316 

Pilgrims  entering  Jerusalem 317 

Tree  of  Abraham,  Hebron 318 

The  Field  of  Blood,  Jerusalem 319 

The  Garden  of  Gethsemane 320 

Manuscript  and  Portrait  of  St  Matthew 321 

I 
India. 

The  Taj  Mahal,  Agra,  Hindostan 207    | 

A  Native  Home 241 

The  Jummak  Musjid,  Delhi 242 

Singhalese  Devil  Dancers 243 

Great  Gate,  Madura  Temple 244 

The  Temple,  Madura 245 

Imperial  Palace,  Delhi 246 

Scringham  Pagoda 247 

A  Buddhic  Temple 248 

Temple  of  the  Sacred  Tooth,  and  Lake  atKandy  .    .  249 

An  Annual  Buddhist  Procession 2£0 

Bathing  Scene  on  the  Hoogly 251 

The  Palanquin  at  Chanieaux 252 

Ireland. 

Ross  Castle,  Killarney 255 

SL  Mary's  Abbey,  Dublin 254 

Meeting  of  the  Waters,  Killarney 253 

Italy. 

The  Pantheon  at  Rome 363 

St,  Peter's,  Rome 256 

Rome  seen  from  St.  Peter's 257 

The  Sistine  Chapel  at  the  Vatican,  Rome 35S 

St  Peter's,  Rome 259 

Aqua  Claudia,  Rome 260 

Forum  of  Trajan,  Rome 261 

Sessorian  Palace,  Rome 363 

Uonnt  Palatine  Stadium 364 

Bridge  at  St.  Angelo,  Rom« 365 


Italy— ,'Continned). 

The  Death  of  Caesar att 

Jules  Stewart's  "  Springtime  in  Venice  " tjif 

The  Rialto,  Venice afi^ 

Hall  of  Senate  Throne,  Dncal  Palace,  Venice  ....  tA 

A  Canal  in  Venice a6^ 

Bridge  of  Sighs  and  Ducal  Palace 27i> 

Home  of  Desdemona 271 

St  Mark's  Square,  Venice 37* 

Ducal  Palace,  Venice 373 

The  Grand  Canal,  Venice 274 

San  Giorgio  Maggiore 275 

Chioggia 276 

Hall  of  Marbles,  Naples 377 

Castel  Del  Carmine,  Naples 378 

Castel  Dell  Ovo,  Naples 37^ 

House  of  Dante,  Florence 38* 

Tomb  of  Archimedes,  Syracuse 381 

The  Matterhom,  one  of  the  Alps  of  the  Valais    .   .   .  38> 

The  Battle  of  Solferino 38j 

"The  Dancer," by  Canova 384 

Lake  Como 385 

Dining  Hall,  Palazzo  Reale,  Genoa 386 

Temple  of  Jupiter 387 

Peasant  Girls  and  Hnntsman sSS 

The  Amphitheatre,  Pompeii 389 

A  Prison  in  the  Suburbs  of  Palermo 390 

Embarkation  of  Antony  and  Cleopatra 391 

Japan. 

Japanese  Laborers 399 

Whipping  Cotton  in  Japan 399 

Pagoda  at  Teska,  Japan 394 

The  Japanese  Shoe  Mender 395 

Fnsiyama,  Japan's  Sacred  Mountain 396 

Scene  on  the  Sumeda  River 996 

Corea  Bridge 411 

Mexico. 

The  Cathedral,  Mexico 997 

Chapultepec  Castle,  City  of  Mexico 398 

Hall  of  Congress,  City  of  Mexico 399 

French  Army  Entering  the  City  of  Mexico ya» 

National  Palace,  City  of  Mexico 301 

Interior  of  Mexican  Residence,  City  of  Mexico  .   .   .  30* 

Quetaro,  Mexico 303 

Church  of  Guadalupe,  near  Mexico 304 

Bishop's  Palace,  Monterey 305 

Cathedral  at  Chihuahua 306 

A  Mexican  Kitchen 307 

Chinampas,  or  Floating  Ganlens joS 

Drying  Coffee  in  the  Field 309 

Bull  Fight 310 

Cathedral  of  Guadalajara 311 

Puebla 31* 

President  Diaz 330 

Wife  of  President  Diaz 330 

Morocco. 

The  Synagogue  at  Tetuan 31J 

Jewish  Cemetery  at  Tetuan 313 

General  View  of  Tetuan 314 

Jewish  Luxury  at  Tetuaa 314 


WST  OF  PHOTOGRAPHS. 


IS 


Peru. 

FACiB 

ijummer  Hpusc,  the  Exhibition  Grounds,  Lima  .   .    .  322 
Carnival  Time  at  Puno ,   .    .    .   .  323 

Russia. 

Palace  of  Pitrossky. 324 

House  of  the  Romanoff  Czars 325 

General  View  of  Moscow  from  the  Kremlin 326 

Kremlin,  Large  Palace,  Moscow 326 

General  View  of  Moscow  from  the  Rekio  Bridge .  .    .  327 

St.  Isaac's  Cathedral,  St.  Petersburg 327 

Capture  of  Malakoff,  Sebastopol 328 

Cathedral  of  St.  Basil,  Moscow 329 

Scotland. 

The  Castle,  Edinburgh 330 

Dunbar  Castle 332 

Taymouth  Castle 332 

Caerlaverock  Castle 333 

Dumbarton  Castle  and  Rock 334 

Balmoral  Castle,  from  the  River 335 

Bums'  Birthplace,  Ayrshire 336 

Abbottsford — Garden  Front 337 

Cam  O'Shanter  Inn,  Ayr 338 

The  Old  Capon  Tree 339 

Highland  Mary's  Grave 340 

North  Walls,  Orkney  Isles 341 

Bressa  Lighthouse 342 

Osborn  House,  Queen  Victoria's  Seaside  Villa     .    .   .  343 
Balmoral  Castle,  Queen  Victoria's  Favorite  Residence  .343 

Alloway  Kirk,  near  Ayr 344 

Mill  on  the  Cluny 345 

Planting  Potatoes  in  Skye 346 

A  Skye  Crofter's  Home 347 

Grinding  Com  in  Skye 348 

Castle  from  St.  Cuthbert's  Churchyard,  Edinburgh, 

Scotland • 168 

Holyrood,  from  Calton  Hill,  Edinburgh 171 

Spain. 

The  Alhambra  :  The  Court  of  Lions 351 

Alhambra  Palace,  Upper  End  of  the  Court 352 

Return  of  Columbus  and  Appearance  at  Court  ....  353 

South  Africa. 

Cape  Town 349 

The  Traveler's  Palm 350 

Switzerland. 
Geneva,  Monument  of  the  Duke  of  Brunswick  .    .    .211 

Crossing  a  Crevasse 354 

Luceme 355 

Lake  Lucerne  from  Tell's  Platte 356 

Nyon 357 

The  Glacier  of  Bossons 358 

The  Castle  of  Chillon 359 

View  of   Mont  Blanc 360 

Chain  of  the  Alps,  Canton  of  Berne 361 

Street  in   Andemiatt 362 

Geneva 363 

Mont  Blanc  Observatory.     Passage  under  the  Grand 

Mulets 364 

Mont  Blanc  Observatory,  Ascension  of  Mont  Blanc 

towards  the  junction  of  the  Grand  Mulets  .    .    .  364 


Switzerland— (Continued). 

VASB 

Berne 365 

The  Jungfrau 366 

Interlaken  and  Jungfrau 367 

Territet  Railway,  Montreax .  368 

View    near  Wassen 369 

View  of  the   Rhine 370 

Church  Interior,  Hospenthal 371 

Hotel  Aquila,  Hospenthal 371 

Turkey. 

The  Dardenelles  opened  to  the  vessels  of  the  Rus.<ian 

Volunteer  Fleet 37J 

Panoramic  View  of  Constantinople 373 

Mosque,  the  sweet  waters  of  Europe 374 

Palace  of  Beylerbey,  the  Bosphorus 375 

View  of  the  Bosphoms 376 

Gateway  of  the  Sultan's  Palace,   Constantinople  .   .  376 

A  Sultana's  Matinee  Costume 377 

Fountain  of  Achmed  III.,  Constantinople 378 

United  States. 

South  Willow  Canon,  Creede,  Colorado 2l» 

"  Whom  did  you  see  ?    Speak,  child,  speak  "  .   .   ..  .  aij 

Old  Ben,  Las  Palmas,  California 32^ 

War,  State  and  Navy  Building,  Washington 37^ 

Pension  OiBce,  Washington 380 

Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington 381 

Entrance    to    Ex-Vice-President    Morton's    Homes, 

Washington 38* 

Cleveland's  Home  at  Oakview,  D.  C 383 

Green  Room  at  the  White  House,  Washington    .   .   .  384 

In  the  Treasury  Vault,  Washington 385 

Senator  Hearst's  Dining  Room,  Washington    ....  386 

Washington  Monument,  Washington 387 

Sheridan's  Ride,  Washington,  D.  C 388 

Out  with  the  Meadow  Brook  Hounds 389 

The  Vanderbilt  Houses,  New  York 390 

New  York  Navy  Yard :  Drilling  at  Street  Riot  on 

Chauncey  Avenue 391 

Divinity  Hall,  Yale  University 39a 

The  Union  Theological  Seminary,  New  York  ....  39a 
Sunken  Gardens,  Fairmount  Park,  Philadelphia    .    .  393 

John  Wanamaker's  Residence 394 

Arnold's  Mansion,  Philadelphia .  395 

Chicago  Stock  Yards,  Small  Packer's  Plants  ....  396 
Chicago  Stock  Yards,  Bird's-eye  View  of  the  Cattle 

Pens 39& 

A  Glimpse  of  Arabia,  World's  Fair 397 

Aztec  and  Indian  Homes,  World's  Fair 397 

French  Renaissance,  World's  Fair 398 

Auditorium  Hotel,  Chicago 398 

Corn  Palace,  Sioux  City 399 

West  Point,  N.  Y 400 

Mexican  Mortars,  West  Point,  N.  Y. 401 

Thomas  Paine's  Homestead,  Long  Island,  N.  Y.    .   .  40a 

Old  Stone  Tower,  Newport,  R.  1 403 

State  Capitol,  Albany,  N.  Y 404 

Ice  Freeze  at  Niagara 405 

Prospect  Park,  Niagara,  Winter 406 


UST  OP  PHOTOGRAPHS. 


United  States — (Cootinned). 

rAOB 

Vice-Commodore  Morgan's  Cottage,  Newport  ....  407 

Cavern  Cascade,  Watkins  Glen,  N.  Y 408 

Washington's  Headquarters,  Newburgh,  N.  Y.  ...  409 
General  Knox's  Headquarters  at  Valley  Forge  .  .  .  410 
Interior  of  Washington's  Headquarters    at    Valley 

Forge 410 

Washington's  Headquarters  at  Valley  Forge    ....  410 

Palm  Tree  at  Las  Palmas,  California 411 

Canal  Street,  New  Orleans 411 

Statue  of  Henry  W.  Grady,  Atlanta,  Ga. 412 

Statue  of  "  Stonewall  "  Jackson,  Lexington,  Va.    .   .412 

Fort  at  San  Marco,  St.  Augustine,  Fla. 413 

Old  Slave  Market,  St.  Augustine,  Fla. 414 

Libby  Prison,  Va 415 

Old  Mill  near  Ashborough,  N.  C 416 

Loading  Cotton  at  New  Orleans 417 

Loading  Oranges  on  the  Oklawaha,  Fla. 418 

Darktown  Courtship 419 

House  in  which  "  Stonewall "  Jackson  died,  Rich- 
mond, Va. 420 

Street  Scene  in  the  South 421 

Arlington  House,  Virginia 422 

Home  of  Jefferson  Davis .".-.'  J   ."."  .  423 

Phases  of  the  Mississippi  Floods 424 

State  Capitol,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 425 

TheU.  S.  S.  "Yorktown" 426 

Over  and  Above  the  Bargain 426 

At  the  Fountain 426 

Cricket  on  the  Manheira  Grounds,  Germantown  .  .  427 
A  Representative  Fhiladelphia  Cricket  Team  ....  427 

Foot-ball  :  Putting  the  Ball  in  Play 428 

Bathing  at  Narragansett  Pier 729 

Indian  Dance  at  Miles  City 429 

In  Search  of  a  Lost  Race 430 

Lower  Creede,  Colorado ' 431 

The  Narrows,  Williams  Canon,  Colorado 432 

Yellowstone  National  Park  :  The  Upper  Fall  ....  433 
The  Yellowstone   National    Park :    Mammoth    Hot 

Springs  Hotel  and  Liberty  Cap  Rock 434 

Vineyard  Scene  at  EI  Mo<ielo 435 

Yellowstone  National  Park  :  The  Obsidian  Clifl&   .  .  435 

Oldest  House  in  Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico 436 

Mew  Mormon  Temple  at  Salt  Lake  City 437 


United  States— (Continued). 

rAoa 
Fort  Point,  San  Francisco  Harbor 43S 

Mrs.  Mark  Hopkins'  Mansion,  San  Francisco  ....  43S 

Market  Street,  San  Francisco 439 

Hotel  del  Monte,  Monterey 440 

Colonel  Carter  of  Cartersville 441 

The  Duel  Scene  in  "  The  Rivals  " 44a 

Battle  of  Shiloh 443 

Siege  of  Vicksburg 443 

Battle  of  Allatoona  Pass 444 

Battle  of  Gettysburg 444 

Battle  of  Spottsylvania 445 

Battle  of  Antietam 445 

Battle  of  Lay's  Ferr}- 446 

U.  S.  Monitor  "  Miantonomoh  " 447 

U.  S.  Cruiser  "San  Francisco" 7 

Washington's  Headquarters  at  Valley  Forge    ....      6 

New  York's  Greeting  to  Columbus S 

The  Atlanta 44S 

The  American  Battleship 449 

United  States  Cruiser  "  Newark  " 450 

New  York  Navy  Yard,  the  "Chicago" 451 

The  United  States  Cruiser  "  New  York  " 45t 

The  Columbian  Naval  Re\-iew,  Scenes  about  FoitreM 

Monroe 453 

Fortress  Monroe,  Old  Point  Comfort,  Va 454 

Fort  Win  field  Scott,  San  Francisco  Harbor 454 

Promenade  of  the  Hygeia  Hotel,  Old  Point  Comfort, 

Va. 455 

New  York's  Greeting  to  Columbus.    The  Naval  Re- 

serve  Light  Battery 456 

The  Naval  Parade,  Rounding  the  Battery,  New  York.457 
New  York's  Greeting  to  Columbus,  The  Night  Pa- 
geant    4SS 

Forbidden  Longings 459 

Venezuela. 
Boulevard,  Caitcas 460 

West  Indies. 

Palm  Grove  in  St  Thomas 335 

Port  of  Spain,  Queen's  Road 464 

Port  of  Spain,  Combined  Residence  and  Stove  .   .   .  46a 

Silk  Cotton  Tree,  Nassau 461 

Nassau      469 


Justice  Harlan, 
Justice  S.  J.  Field, 
Justice  Shiras, 


SUPREHE  COURT  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

Justice  Brewer, 
Chief  Justice  Fuller, 
Justice  Brown, 


Justice  Blatchford, 
Justice  Gray, 
Justice  Jackson. 


r 


AWA- 


J 


MRS.  QROVER  CLEVELAND — President  Cleveland  married  Miss  Folsom  on  June  2.  1886. 
The  intercslinK  event  pleased  universally — "everybody  loves  a  lover" — and  acquaintance  with 
the  youufj  bride,  brought  suddenly  into  prominence  as  the  queen  of  the  White  House,  increase*! 
the  (fcneral  satisfaction  that  the  honors  and  duties  of  the  chief  home  in  the  land  were  shared  by 
one  who  adde<l  lustre  to  those  and  j)erfonne<l  these  conscientiously  and  with  the  swectncssand  good 
feeling  towards  all  which  far  more  than  outweiKhe<l  the  disadvantages  of  previous  inexix-rience  of 
entertaining  on  a  grand  scale.  Returning  to  the  White  House  on  March  4,  1893,  after  the  inter- 
vening administration  of  President  Harrison,  Mrs.  Cleveland  entered  it  as  a  mother,  prattling  Rutll 
on  her  lap.     The  married  life  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Cleveland  ia  au  eminently  happy  one. 

18 


QROVER  CLEVELAND. — Three  times  consecutively  nominated  for  the  presidenc}'  and 
elected  for  a  second  term  after  having  been  defeated,  constitute  a  most  distinguished  record. 
The  secret  of  Mr.  Cleveland's  success  is  the  plodding,  conscientious  industry  of  a  man  intent 
upon  doing  the  right  thing,  as  he  sees  it,  the  carefulness  and  good  sense  with  which  he  proceeds 
to  form  his  judgment  on  public  questions,  and  the  impression  he  makes  of  his  sincerity  and  the 
singleness  of  his  patriotic  purpose  in  all  that  he  undertakes.  He  sees  no  obstacle  to  the 
performance  of  his  duty  in  the  opposition  of  other  men,  nor  in  the  obstruction  of  his  personal 
interests.  Fearless  and  candid,  indefatigable,  honest,  even  his  political  enemies  give  him  th» 
credit  for  these  simple  qualities,  which  duly  impress  the  great  multitude  of  voters. 

19 


PRHSIDRNT  CLKVKLAND  AND  HIS  CABINKT. 


Hilary  A.  Herbert,  Sec'y  o/  Navy.        Richard  Oliiey,  .S<-<-'.v  o/  Stale-        J.  Sterling  Morton,  Sfc' y of  Aj^cultmmk 
Wm.  L.  Wilson,  Postmaster  General.  Grover  Clevelanil,  President.  Hoke  Smith,  Sferttary  of  Jnterior. 

Drm'I  S.  Lamout,  Secretary  of  War.    John  G.  Carlisle,  Sec'y  of  'I>eas.   judson  Harmon,  Attorney  GeueraL 


VICE-PRESIDENT  AND  PROHINENT  MEMBERS  OF  THE  SENATE. 

Geo.  L.  Shroup,  Vest,  Morgan,  Vance, 

Manderson,  Quay,  Blackburn,  Dawes, 

Da-vid  B.  Hill,  Walthall,  Stevenson,  Allison, 

Teller  Colquitt,  Wm.  Lindsay,  Don  Cameron, 

Frve  '  Hoar,  Piatt,  Cullom. 

21 


fj 


PROMINENT  MEMBERS  OF  THE  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES. 


Thos.  McRae,  Ark.        J.  S.  Hcmleraon,  N.  C.     John  H.  Gear,  low-a, 
C.  F.  Crisp.  Oa.  W.  J.  Hryan,  Neb.  W.  H.  Crain,  Tex. 

H.  H.  Hiiighani,  Pa.  D.  B.  Henderson,  la.  T>.  B.  CuUjcrson,  Tex. 
James  J.  Belden,  N.  Y.  W.C.P.BreckinriaRe.Ky.  William  J.  Stone.  Ky. 
A.  J.  Hopkins,  His.        W.  B.  Cochran,  N.  Y.      Gen.  I).  Sickles,  N.  Y. 

22 


Charles  Tracy,  N.  V. 
I.  H.  Goodnight,  Ky. 
Chas   A.  Boutelle,  Mc. 
J.  C.  Burrows.  Mich. 
W.  S.  Wilson,  W.  V«. 


PRESIDENTS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.— These  portraits  are  from  paintings  hanging  in  the  White  House. 
The  names  and  dates  of  all  the  administrations  appear  in  the  following  list :  i  John  Tyler,  from  1841  to  1845.  * 
Millard  Filmore,  1850  to  1853.  3  John  Quincy  Adams,  1825  to  1829.  4  William  Henry  Harrison,  1841.  5  James 
Madison,  1809  to  1817.  6  James  K.  Polk,  1845  to  1849.  7  Martin  Van  Buren,  1837  to  1841.  8  Zachary  Taylor,  1849, 
1850.  9  James  Monroe,  1817101825.  10  Abraham  Lincoln,  1861  to  1865.  11  George  Washington,  1789  to  1797.  12 
Grover  Cleveland,  1885  to  1889,  1893  to  — .  13  Andrew  Jackson,  1829  to  1837.  14  Thomas  Jefferson,  1801  to  1809.  15 
Rutherford  B.  Hayes,  1877  to  1881.  16  Chester  A.  Arthur,  1881  to  1885.  17  Ulysses  S.  Grant,  1869  to  1877.  18  James 
A.  Garfield,  1881.  19  Benjamin  Harrison,  1889  to  1893.  20  James  Buchanan,  1857  to  1861.  21  Andrew  Johnson,  1865 
to  1869.     22  Franklin  Pierce,  1853  to  1857.     23  John  Adams    1797  to  1801. 

13 


PRESIDENT  HARRISON  AND  HIS  CABINET.— Here  are  excellent  portraits  of  the  President  and 
his  Cabinet,  who  went  out  of  office  on  March  4,  1893.  to  be  succeeded  by  an  administration  of  the  opposing 
political  party.  Secretary  Tracy,  of  the  Navy,  had  distinguished  himself  in  pushing  forward  the  "work  of 
creating  an  effective  fleet.  Changes  introduced  by  Mr.  Wanamaker  as  Postmaster-General  were  a  real 
^in  in  time  and  efficiency.  The  brilliant  public  career  of  Mr.  Blaine  had  ended  the  previous  summer. 
On  the  whole,  the  administration  of  President  Harrison  was  not  an  eventful,  though  a  capable  one.  The 
dispute  with  Chili  created  an  excitement  which  soon  passed  away,  with  the  assent  of  the  Chilian  governmeut 
to  the  reasonable  demands  of  the  United  States. 


25 


PROMINENT  REPUBLICANS. 


J.  Sloat  Fassett, 

Powell  Clavlon, 

Sen.  Stanford, 

W.  W.  I'heltxs, 

Sen.  Hnwley, 

Fred.  IXiuglass 

Chandler, 

Depew, 

Sen.  McMillan, 

Cannon, 

Wolcolt, 

Wanicr  Miller, 

Re«l, 

Hiscock, 

Morton, 

Sen.  Aldrich, 

McKinley, 

Lincoln, 

l-odge, 

WhiteUw  Reid. 

GENERALS  FAMOUS  SINCE  THE  WAR. 


General  Merritt. 
General  Moixs. 
Oeiicral  ().  ().  Howard. 
General  Alex.  McU.  McCook. 


General  Crook. 
General  Scofield. 
General  W.  S.  Hancock. 
General  Terry. 

28 


General  .\n)^r. 
General  Dnnn. 
General  Miles. 
General  Custer. 


CELEBRATED  UNION  QENERALS. 

Gen.  Benj.  F.  Butler,  Gen.  John  A.  Logan,  Gen.  John  Sedgwick, 


Gen.  Wm.  T.  Sherman, 
Gen.  A.  E.  Bumside, 
Gen.  Geo.  H.  Thomas, 


Gen.  U.  S.  Grant, 
Gen.  N.  P.  Banks, 
Gen.  Joseph  Hooker, 

29 


Gen.  Phil.  E.  Sheridan, 
Gen.  Geo.  G.  Meade, 
Gen.  Judson  Kilpatrick. 


General  Mosby, 
General  Thos.  J.  Jackson, 
General  V.  G.  T.  HeaureKard, 
Generul  James  I^on^strect, 


FAMOUS  CONFEDERATE  GENERALS. 

General  Jubal  A.  Early,  General  J.  B.  Hooil, 

General  Robert  K.  I<e«,  General  A.  S.  Johnston, 

General  A.  P.  Hill,  General  Braxton  Brato;, 

General  J.  K.  B.  Stuart,  General  Jos.  B.  Johnston. 
30 


LEADERS  OF  THE  NAVY. 

Rear-Admiral  Walker,  Lieutenant  Lemly, 

Rear-Admiral  Greer,  Secretary  Herbert,  Rear-Admiral  Bryson, 

Rear-Admiral  G.  E.  Belknap,  Rear-Admiral  Gherardi,  Commodore  James  O.  GiUJ% 

Commander  Richard  Warsaw  Meade,         Commander  A.  W.  Weaver. 

31 


FOREIGN  MINISTERS  AT  WASHINGTON. 


Sir  Julian  Pauncefote 

(Kngland), 
Dr.  Hustenionte 

(Venezuela), 
Gozo  Tateno 

(Japan), 
Souza  Koza 

(I'ortuKal), 


Mr.  Yi 

(Corea), 
Gen.  Don  Coesar  Canevoro 

(Peru), 
Mavroyeni  Bey 

(Turkey), 
Mr.  Clapanlc 

(Switzerland). 


Scnor  Roque  Caiial  Canrnnia 

(Argentine  Republic), 
Manuel  Mde.  Peraita 

(CosU  Rica), 
B.  de  Muruaga 

(Spain), 
Prince  Cantacuzene 

( Russia). 


BISHOPS  OF  THE  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH.— Eighteen  of  these  men  are  still  at' 
work.  Simpson  has  joined  the  founder  of  Methodism  in  the  rest  of  Paradise.  Beginning  at  the  top 
on  the  left-hand  side,  they  appear  in  the  following  order,  in  rows  of  four,  every  row  commencing  at  the 
left  :  Thoburn,  Foss,  Mallalien,  Warren  ;  Fitzgerald,  Andrews,  Fowler,  Foster ;  Merrill,  Simpson,  John 
Wesley,  Taylor ;  Walden,  Ninde,  Bowman,  Joyce  ;  Newman,  Hurst,  Goodsell,  Vincent. 

%  33 


< 


BISHOPS  OF  THE  PROTESTANT  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH. 


John  Williams,  Satnuel  I).  I-'ergusou,  W.  K.  McLaren, 

W.  H.  Hare, 


A.  N.  LitUejohn,  W.  A.  I^onard, 

Alex.  Gregg,  W.  F.  Adams, 

Bishop  Walker,  A.  C.  Coxe, 

G.  F.  Seymourk,  F.  McN.  Whittle, 


34 


P.  Brooks, 

H.  B.  Whipple, 

T.  A.  Starkey, 


W.  I.  Kip, 
T.  M.  Clark, 
W.  Paret. 
C.  Whitehead. 
Sylvester  Tuttle 


ROMAN  CATHOLIC  ARCHBISHOPS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES.— John  Joseph  Williams  was 
appointed  Archbishop  of  Boston  in  1875.  William  H.  Gross  has  been  Archbishop  of  Oregon  City  since  1885. 
In  1883  William  Henry  Elder  became  Archbishop  of  Cincinnati.  Patrick  John  Ryan  was  made  Archbishop 
of  Philadelphia  in  1884  ;  Frederick  Xavier  Retzer,  Archbishop  of  Milwaukee  in  1892.  Francis  Janssens  has 
been  Archbishop  of  New  Orleans  since  1888  ;  Ireland,  Archbishop  of  St.  Paul  since  1888,  the  four  previous 
years  Bishop  of  the  same  See.  John  B.  Salpointe,  Archbishop  of  Santa  F6,  was  raised  to  his  present  dignity 
in  1885.  Patrick  A.  Feehan  has  been  Archbishop  of  Chicago  since  1880.  Peter  Richard  Kenrick  was  made 
Archbishop  of  St.  Louis  in  1847.  Patrick  W.  Riordan,  Archbishop  of  San  Francisco,  succeeded  to  the  See 
101884.  3o 


REPRESENTATIVE  AMERICAN   NEWSPAPER  HEN. 


J.  G.  Bennett, 

Ntw  York  Herald. 

Whitelaw  Reid, 

New  York  Tribune. 

Frederick  DricsoU, 

The  Daily  Pioneer  PreJig.  St.  Paul. 

is.  M.  O'Neill, 

The  Piltsburtjh  Dispatch. 

Charles  H.  Taylor, 

The  Boston  Daily  Glub€, 


James  W.  Scott, 

The  Chicago  Herald, 

W.  R.  Hearst, 

Tlie  Examiner,  San  Francisco. 

Joseph  Pulitzer, 

Tht  New  York  World. 

Victor  F.  Lawson, 

The  Chicago  Record. 

M.  H.  de  Young, 

San  Francisco  Chronicle. 


J.  B.  McCullogh, 

St.  Louis  Globe- Democrat. 

George  W.  Childs, 

Public  Ledger,  Philadelphia. 

C.  A.  Dana, 

The  Xew  York  Sun, 

Joseph  Medill, 

The  Chicaqo  Daily  Tribune. 

Felix  Agnus. 

77i<  Baltimore  American, 

37 


Murat  Halstead, 

standard- Union,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y, 

Clark  Howell, 

The  Atlanta  Constitution,  Atlanta. 

Frank  Hatten, 

The  Washington  Post. 

William  E.  Quinby, 

The  Detroit  Free  Press. 

Henry  Watterson, 
Courier- Journal,  Louisville,  Ky. 


AMERICAN  AUTHORS. 

Harriet  Beecher  Stowe,  John  G.  Whitlier,  Washington  Ir\-ing, 


T.  B.  Aldrich, 

O.  W.  Hohncs, 

Emerson, 

Eliz.  Stuart  Phelps, 


Nathaniel  Hawthorne,    O.  Bancroft, 
Mrs.  Ho«lgson  Burnett,  Klla  W.  Wilcox, 
Walt  Whitman,  Longfellow, 

Edgar  A.  Poe,  Geo.  W.  Cur?is, 

38 


William  H.  Preacott. 

Bret  Harte, 

William  Dean  Howelh^ 

Lowell, 

Mark  Twain. 


FOREIGN    AUTHORS. 


Schiller, 

Ouida, 

Sir  Walter  Scott, 

Browning, 

Jules  Verne, 


Kipling, 
Thomas  Moore, 
John  Milton, 
Shakespeare, 
Charles  Dickens, 


89 


John  Ruskin, 
Macaulay, 
Tennyson, 
Victor  Hugo, 
Sir  E.  Arnold, 


Thomas  Carlyle, 

Voltaire, 

Haggard, 

Goethe, 

Charles  Kingsley. 


MILLIONAIRES. 


W.  W.  Astor, 
I).  O.  Mills, 
W.  H.  Vniulcrhilt, 
Levi  P.  Morton, 
Addison  Caniniack, 


H.  Victor  Newcomb, 
J.  \V.  Mackav, 
Ccorftc  Gould, 
Rus.scll  SaRc, 
P.  D.  Amiour, 


40 


Henr>'  Clews, 
Henry  Villard, 
Jay  (".ould, 
Jnnics  (i.  l-'air, 
Whitclaw  Rcid, 


E.  C.  Stwlman, 
Georjjc  I.  Senev, 
Cornelius  Vanderbilt, 
C.  P.  Huntington, 
Junes  C.  Flood. 


Chopin, 

Schubert, 

Mendelssohn, 

Liszt, 

Handel, 


GREAT  COMPOSERS. 


Gluck, 

Bach, 

Beethoven, 

Gounod, 

Rossini, 


41 


Rubenstein, 

Richard  Wagner, 

Meyerbeer, 

Sir  Arthur  Sullivan, 

Verdi, 


Weber, 

Mozart, 

Schun"ann. 

Haydn, 

Bellini. 


NOTED   PLAYERS  AND   SINGERS. 


Del  Puciitc, 

Matenm, 

Mnmnnie  Bniudt, 

Bdouaril  de  Reszke, 

I.illi  I^ehinnn, 

MellNi. 

Albaiii, 

Christine  NillssuD, 

I'atti, 

TaiiuiKiio, 

(riuliii  Ravogli, 

Katncs, 

I'aiiercwski, 

Schalchi, 

Van  Zaiidt. 

42 


Jcnti  clo  Reszke. 
Thetxiore  Reichmann, 
Max  Alvary, 
Laaallc, 
Canipanini. 


ACTORS  AND   ACTRESSES   IN   COSTUME. 

Loie  Fuller,  Amelia  Glover, 


Sothem, 
Francis  Wilson, 

Marie  Jansen, 

Delia  Fox, 
Lillian  Russell, 

43 

Marie  Tempest. 

Louis  James, 
Tom  Karl, 

ACTORS   AND  ACTRESSES   IN   COSTUME. 
Margaret  Mather,  Pauline  Hall, 

Mantel,  Mrs.  LatiKtrj-.  MansSeld, 

Jos.  Haworth,  Georgia  Cayvan,  Wilson  Barrett 

Jane  Hading,  Jessie  Bartlctt  Davis. 

44 


FAMOUS   ACTRESSES. 

Rose  Coghlan,  Mrs.  Agnes  Booth, 

Annie  Pixley,  Sarah  Bernhardt,  Mme.  Modjeska, 

Fanny  Davenport,  Miss  Ellen  Terry,  Julia  Marlowe, 

Ada  Rehan,  Rosina  Yokes. 

45 


Henry  E.  Dixey, 
James  Lewis, 


FAMOUS  ACTORS. 

Neil  Burgess,  Denman  Thompson, 

Edwin  Booth,  Jo  Jefferson, 

Henry  Irving,  Thomaaso  Salviidy 

Maurice  Barrymore.  Stuart  Robson. 

46 


QUEEN  VICTORIA'S  JUBILEE  PORTRAIT.— King  William  IV.  died  on  June  20, 
1837.  He  was  succeeded  by  a  young  girl  of  18,  still  Queen  Victoria,  and  possibly  to  reign  some 
years  yet,  though  her  jubilee  year  seems  a  long  way  back.  Hers  is  promising  to  be  the  longest 
reign  in  English  history.  Reckoned  by  the  continuous  capability  for  work  on  the  part  of  the 
sovereign,  it  is  now  the  longest.  Victoria's  is  the  life  of  a  sensible,  God-fearing  woman,  devoted 
to  duty,  and  finding  her  sweetest  secular  satisfactions  in  the  family  and  the  exercise  of  beneficence. 
She  loves  to  be  in  the  open  air,  is  fond  of  walking  and  driving,  and  takes  her  morning  meal, 
whenever  at  all  practicable,  out  of  doors.  The  secret  of  a  long  and  dutiful  life  is  found  in  its 
general  healthful  simplicity,  contrasting  so  strikingly  with  the  pomp  and  circumstance  of  func- 
tions indispensable  by  the  ruler  over  hundreds  of  millions  of  the  human  family. 

47 


fll1l 

2  i  if  =  i 

12  'c  _-  g  ■ 


H  o  8  u  5>  -, 

lllll 


THE   GLADSTONE   GOVERNMENT  OF  1892. 

William  Ewart  Gladstone  was  appointed  Prime  Minister  and  First  Lord  of  the  Treasury  on  August  15,  1892.  He 
was  born  in  1809.  Of  the  three  men  in  the  top  row,  the  one  with  the  cleanly-shaven  face  is  John  Morley,  Chief  Secretary 
of  State  for  Ireland  in  the  Gladstone  Government  of  1892  ;  Earl  Spencer,  First  Lord  of  the  Admiralty,  is  in  the  middle ; 
and  the  Marouis  of  Ripon,  Secretary  of  State  for  the  Colonies,  on  the  right.  Under  Morlev  is  A.  J.  Mundella,  President 
of  the  Board  of  Trade ;  under  him.  Earl  Roseberv,  Secretarv  of  State  for  Foreign  Affairs ;  under  Gladstone  is  Sir 
William  Vernon  Harcourt,  Chancellor  of  the  Exchequer.  To  the  right  of  the  "Grand  Old  Man"  is  Sir  George 
Trevelyan,  Secretary  of  State  for  Scotland  ;  leaving  the  Earl  of  Kimberley,  President  of  the  Council,  to  be  mentioned 
the  last. 

49 


^  g«ii' 


I'll  it 

a  BJS  "  u^ 
m  -J  «  J3  a  " 

UJ   p  ■«   5    K  "T 

a^^S  §5  3 


a  j; 


5  r=  * 


IIP' 


11 


THE  SOVEREIGNS  OF  RUSSIA,  DENMARK  AND  GREECE. 

The  Czar  Alexander  III.  is  a  giant  physically  in  appearance,  the  apt  ruler  of  mighty  and  progressive  Russia.  He 
was  born  in  1845.  the  eldest  son  of  Alexander  II.,  who  was  assassinated  in  1881,  and  succeeded  his  father  upon  that 
terrible  event.  His  wife,  Maria  Dagmar,  wearer  of  the  quaint  head-dress  of  Russia,  is  a  daughter  of  Christian  IX., 
King  of  Denmark,  whose  portrait  is  at  the  bottom  of  the  picture,  and  Queen  Louise,  his  wife,  who  takes  the  mother- 
in-law's  place  at  the  top.  Georgios  I.  of  Greece  is  a  brother  of  the  Empress  of  Russia,  and  was  Prince  Wilhelm  when, 
in  1863,  the  Greeks  elected  him  King  of  the  Hellenes.  In  1867  the  young  monarch  married  Olga,  eldest  daughter  of  the 
Grand  Duke  Constantine  of  Russia,  brother  of  the  Czar  Alexander  II.     These  six  people  are  related  thus  nearly. 

61 


iijii^- '^■^^mji,)! 


*^  o  2  .S  .■;3  4> 

^  !^  ■?  -«  ^  S* 


■^  '3  w  m  13  vo -S 


H  "wi  a  .  g  S  5 


ROYALTY   IN   PORTUO \ i 


r.nJll.}r,^l^  ^>^  ^  TJ''*'"  V  I'r  "V^ ",  "«'"*  '"""^  «'"  ^^J^  illustration  is  the  sweet  mother  of  the 
m-.^tH'^^T-.  r  ",  ^"""^  ^l".'^'""'  '>"K''l"  °f  »'l»>iPPe  nuc  .rOrleans.  Cointe  ,1c  Paris,  and  w" 
XT,l.^Jl  ?  ^"r'"*'  "°\,^"f  S»''"/  I-  of  PortUKal.  in  .886.  Her  hu.sban.l.  who  w^s  b«T,  m 
186.1,  8ucce«le<l  Luis  I.  upon  the  death  of  that  monarch  in  1889.  Tlic  Qucen-liowaircr  MariTrt. 
survives  This  piiRe,  he  ,t  observe,!,  gives  a  likeness  of  the  reiRnfnR  King  ofTortuga"*^  the  'n^ 
httle  fellow  who  stands  by  his  mother  will  be  the  next  sovereign  over  that  country  ;  A"  14  the  iSrf 
power  held  so  proudly  by  Uom  Luis  only  a  few  years  ago  has  fallen  from  his  grasp  in  d«ith.       ^^ 

04 


PRESIDENT  CARNOT,  PRINCE  OF  NAPLES,  AND  KING  AND  QUEEN  OF  ITALY. 

The  gentleman  in  ordinary  dress  is  Marie  Francois  Sadi  Camot,  who  was  elected  president  of 
the  French  Republic  on  December  3,  1887.  Presidential  elections  in  France  are  by  a  majority  of 
votes,  by  the  Senate  and  Chamber  of  Deputies  united  in  a  National  Assembly,  or  Congress.  The 
term  is  seven  years.  Camot  was  bom  at  Limoges,  in  1837.  He  had  been  twice  Minister  of  Finance, 
and  had  held  other  important  offices  before  his  election.  Victor  Immanuel,  Prince  of  Naples,  bom 
in  1869.  is  the  son  and  only  child  of  the  King  and  Queen  of  Italy.  He  was  named  after  the  first 
king  of  United  Italy,  his  illustrious  grandfather,  and  in  due  time,  all  being  well,  will  succeed  King 
Humbert  in  the  throne.  The  reigning  sovereign  of  Italy,  Humbert  I.,  was  born  in  1844,  and  is  the 
son  of  Victor  Immanuel  and  his  wife,  the  Archduchess  Adelaide  of  Austria.  His  beautiful  and 
amiable  queen,  Margaret,  was  born  in  1851,  and  was  married  to  him  in  1868.  She  is  the  only  daughter 
of  the  late  Prince  Ferdinand  of  Savoy,  Duke  of  Genoa. 

55 


THREE  LEADING  ANTI-HOHE  RULERS. 


"CARMEN  SYLVA,"  FERDINAND,  CROWN   PRINCE  OF  ROUMANIA,  AND  MLLE.  VACARESCO. 

The  top  one  of  these  two  trinities  is  of  the  men  whose  names  will  l)e  the  most  prominently  mentioned  in  history  aa 
opponents  of  Gladstone's  policy  of  Home  Rule  for  Irclamt  :  Joseph  Chaml>erlain,  the  Marquis  of  Salisbury  and  Arthur  J. 
Palfour.  Salisbury  is  the  bald-heade<'  man;  Balfour's  hair  is  jiartcd  in  the  middle. — "Carmen  Sylva,"  a  dabbler  m 
literature,  is  Queen  Blizabeth  of  Roumania,  wife  of  the  reigning  Kinc.  Charles  I.  Ferdinand  is  "their  son  and  hdr 
to  the  throne.  He  came  near  losing  the  succession  by  reason  of  liis  infatuation  for  Mile.  Vacaresco,  one  of  his  mother's 
fluids  of  honor. 

«6 


INFANTA  EULALIA.— Infanta  is  the  title  borne  by  a  princess  of  the  royal  house  of  Spain.  The  Infanta  Eulalia, 
whose  beautiful  portrait  is  before  you,  came  to  America  to  represent  the  Spanish  monarchy  at  the  great  Columbian 
Exposition.  She  proved  to  be  a  young  lady  of  intelligence,  good  sense  and  democratic  notions,  and  was  royally 
received  at  the  national  capital,  at  the  seat  of  the  wonderful  Exposition,  and  wherever  she  appeared  in  public.  Her 
name    is    Infanta   Marie-Eulalia-Franjoise  D'Assise-Marguerite-Roberte-Isabelle-Fransoise  De  Paule-Christine-Marie- 

De  La  Prete,  etc. 

57 


POPE  LEO  XIII.  BORNE  IN  THE  SEDIA  OESTATORIA Karly  iii  1S93  the  Toih;  iiu  ^roupof 

cardinals,  rcsuiningon  the  occasion  the  magnificent  ccroinoiiial  of  the  times  when  his  office  w.l^  lU-d  with 

temporal  sovereignty.  The  function  was  celebrated  in  the  Sistine  Chapel  anil  attended  by  caniinals  in  their 
splendid  robes,  and  a  host  of  other  ecclesiastics.  Double  ranks  of  the  guarda  nohilf  in  raediccval  uniform 
added  pomp  and  the  suggestion  of  power  to  the  scene.  When  the  age<l  pontiff  appeareil,  Ixjrne  abo\T  the 
princely  throng  on  the  scdia  f^estaloria,  cheers  accompanied  the  unwonted  spectacle.  His  head  was  decked 
with  a  richly  jcwele<l  satin  mitre,  lined  with  crimson  damask.  He  wore  a  cope  of  cloth  of  gold  embroideiy. 
The  illustration  represents  the  procession  of  the  Pope  to  the  altar  at  St.  Peter's,  in  1888,  when  he  celebrated  k 
special  mass  iu  the  presence  of  twenty  thooaaud  French,  Austrian  aud  Slav  pilgrims. 

S8 


TWENTY  QREAT  ARTISTS. — To  name  these  eminent  people  as  they  have  been  arranged  by- 
number  and  without  regard  to  chronology,  is  all  that  can  be  done  in  the  space  allotted  for  this  para- 
graph. Their  mention  excites  a  species  of  interest  which  is  refining  and  elevating.  The  debt  to  true 
artists  can  never  be  paid.  Only  less  than  religion,  their  work,  as  that  of  eminent  writers,  orators  and 
musicians,  lifts  the  spirit  above  the  limits  of  time  and  space,  into  the  infinite  of  beauty,  light  and  love 
whence  it  came  and  whither  is  its  destiny,  i  Raphael.  2  Correggio.  3  Rembrandt.  4  A.  Van  Dyck. 
5  Michael  Angelo.  6  Sir  Joshua  Reynolds.  7  Meissonier.  8  Verestchagin.  9  Munkacsy. 
10  Bouguereau.  1 1  Marcus  Stone.  12  Holman  Hunt.  13  Hogarth.  14  Von  Piloty.  15  Rosa  Bonheur. 
16  Millet.     17  Alma-Tadema.     18  Burne-Jones.     19  E.  Detaille.     20  Sir  David  Wilkie. 

59 


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TAKING  PHOTOGRAPHS  AT  PERIL  STRAITS.— Peril  Straits,  Alaska,  is  also  frequented  by  tourists,  autl  the 
above  is  an  animated  view  of  a  party  of  them  engaged  with  their  Kodaks  in  taking  views  in  that  region. 


STEAHER   AND   MUIER   GLACIER. — Muier  Glacier,  Alaska,  is  a  popular  resort  for  tourists,  as  the  bays  and 
straits  in  the  vicinity  are  the  favorite  grounds  for  those  engaged  in  the  seal  fisheries. 

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OLD  FUR  STORE. — The  above  is  a  view  of  an  old  fur  store  in  existence  before  the  cession  of  Alaska  to  tlie  United  States. 


GREEK  CHURCH  AT  SITKA. — Sitka  is  the  residence  of  a  Greek  Bishop,  and  the  above  is  a  view  of  a  primitive 
Greek  Church  there.  Of  course,  Sitka,  like  all  the  old  towns  and  business  localities  in  Alaska,  have  rapidly  progressed 
during  the  past  twenty  years. 

67 


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niD-DAY  REST  IN   THE  DESERT   BETWEEN   MOUNT   SINAI  AND  AKABA,  ARABIA The  scene  of 

dreary  desolation  portrayed  probably  appears  now  just  as  when,  many  centuries  ago,  Moses  led  Israel  through  the 
same  desert.  At  the  head  of  a  caravan,  probably  of  three  million  people,  the  great  lawgiver  was  guided  by  Divine 
wisdom  in  the  exercise  of  his  authority  over  them,  and  water  and  food  were  miraculously  provided  for  their  support. 
We  read  that  their  garments  did  not  wear  out,  and  that  noonday  heats  and  nocturnal  darkness  were  modified  respec- 
tively by  the  pillar  of  a  cloud  and  the  pillar  of  fire.  These  facts  in  the  Biblical  account  of  the  wanderings  of  the 
Children  of  Israel  in  the  wilderness  afford  a  strong  contrast  to  the  scene  of  the  illustration,  which  is  destitute  of  any 
interest,  beyond  its  artistic  merit,  of  a  poetic,  much  less,  supernatural  order.  For  business  or  fancy  a  few  Englishmen 
cross  the  desert,  escorted  by  a  hired  dragoman,  and  the  scene  is  an  everyday  incident. 

69 


QREEK  CHURCH.  CONVENT  OF  ST,  CATHARINE,  MOUNT  SINAI.  ARABIA.-IWt«^n  the  Gulf  of  Sum 

and  (iulf  of  Akaha  and  IxniiuU-d  In-  tin-  desert  on  Ihc  north  is  the  iK-ninsuln  of  Sinai.  The  mass  of  rtigjjttl  heights, 
which  is  its  chief  initnrnl  feature,  is  marked  by  three  distinct  mountains,  of  which  that  of  St.  Catherine,  more  than  ^,500 
feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  is  l)elieve<l  by  ninny  to  be  the  ".secret  lop"  whence  was  gix-cn  the  Ten  Commandments. 
It  has  two  {leaks,  one  Horeb,  the  other  JelwlMusn,'  or  Mount  of  Moses.  .\t  the  foot  of  the  sccon<l  named,  situated  in 
a  ravine,  is  the  convent  of  St.  Catherine.  founde<l  by  the  limjieror  Ju.stinian,  nlxitit  527  A.  I).,  and  now  the  home  of 
twenty  monks.  The  sublime  .story  of  Ivlijah  in  the  wilderness  (I  Kings  xix)  is  commemorated  by  a  chapel  on  the 
mountain  side,  known  as  that  of  St.  Klias,  and  the  Little  Pilgrims  Church  stands  on  tlic  summiL  ^ 

70 


BEDOUIN  SHEIKH  AND  STAFF,  PETRA,  ARABIA.— The  remains  of  the  ancient  city  of  Tetra  are  in 
northern  Arabia,  in  a  region  designated  in  the  Bible  as  the  Valley  of  Edoni.  They  are  enclosed  by  beetling  heights, 
one  of  which  is  Mount  Hor,  where  Aaron,  brother  of  Moses,  died.  The  first  inhabitants  of  this  grim  valley  were 
called  Horim,  or  dwellers  in  caves,  and  these  same  caves  are  now  the  haunts  of  Bedouin  Arabs,  whose  chiefs  are 
virtually  independent  sovereigns  conmianding  hordes  of  semi-savage,  but  dignified  retainers,  always  ready  for  some- 
thing profitable  to  do,  be  it  service  as  guides,  adventure,  plunder,  or,  if  need  be,  conflict.  After  its  destruction  by  the 
Mohammedans  Petra  was  unknown  for  1,200  years.     Its  ruins  are  objects  of  great  interest  to  antiquarians. 

71 


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ALABASTER  CROSSES,  BOLIVIA. — Tliis  superb  v-iew  presents  a  woiuU-r  williout  jwrallol  in  sculp'urc.  The 
three  crosses  which  ornament  the  Catholic  church  at  Copacohana,  Rolivia,  anil  which  are  of  iinnicniie  height  and 
proportion,  are  of  pure  alabaster,  cut  solidly  and  of  excjuisite  finish.  They  represent  an  untold  amount  of  labor  and 
the  highest  artistic  skill.  They  are  reganie<l  as  jwculiarly  sacnxl,  and  no  one  is  allowed  to  approach  them  except  in  a 
kneeling  posture.  The  sum  involvc<l  in  their  sculpture  and  erection  must  have  been  enormous.  They  are  justly 
regarded  as  one  of  the  greatest  curiosities  of  Bolivian  travel. 

86 


CLOTH  MADE  BY  THE  INCAS  OF  BOLIVIA The  Indian  population  of  Bolivia  show  considerable  ingenuity 

in  weaving  the  cloths  of  bright  colors  which  are  used  in  dress  for  both  sexes.  Their  choice  of  patterns  is  shown 
very  clearly  in  the  engraving.  The  llama  and  kindred  creatures,  both  wild  and  domestic,  furnish  them  with  aa 
abundance  of  wool  for  the  various  fabrics  produced  by  their  ingenious  industry.  Ponchos,  often  of  striking  pattern  and 
brilliant  tints,  are  picturesque  cloaks  worn  universally  by  men,  and  are  nothing  but  shawls  with  a  hole  cut  in  the 
centre  through  which  the  head  is  thrust.     Simplicity  and  considerable  grace  surely  show  no  more  admirable  associatioa 

tbun  in  this  instance.  , 

87 


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SACRED  VIRGIN  OF  CAPACABANA,  BOLIVIA.— The  town  of  Capacabana  is  a  calling-place  for  steamers 
running  on  Lake  Titicaca,  which  large  body  of  water  is  13,000  feet  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  There  is  nothing 
particularly  interesting  about  the  place,  it  consisting,  for  the  greater  part,  of  mud  huts  with  straw  roofs,  excepting  its 
large  brick  church,  the  towers  of  which  are  curiously  ornamented  with  tiles.  Within  the  edifice  is  the  sacred  virgitt 
shown  in  the  picture,  an  immaculate  lady  duly  honored  at  certain  seasons  of  the  year  by  the  visits  of  great  throngs  of 
pilgrims,  who,  it  is  hoped,  are  edified  by  the  contemplation  of  her  virtues. 

89 


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VICTORIA,  VANCOUVER'S  ISLAND,  DOMINION  OF  CANADA. 

Seven  provinces  form  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  each  of  which  has  a  separate  parliament  and  administration,  with 
a  lieutenant-governor  appointed  by  the  governor-general,  who  is  at  the  head  of  the  entire  confederation  and  is  himself 
an  appointee  from  the  United  Kingdom.  Each  province  has  full  powers  to  regulate  its  own  local  affairs  and  to  dispose 
of  its  revenues,  subject  to  restrictions  imposed  to  maintain  the  supremacy  of  the  central  government.  The  province 
of  Quebec  has  a  Legislative  Council  and  a  Legislative  Assembly,  this  consisting  of  sixty-five  members.— Vancouver"* 
Island  is  a  part  of  British  Columbia,  one  of  the  seven  Canadian  provinces,  and  Victoria  is  its  principal  city  and  port. 

95 


THE  CITADEL  AT  QUEBEC,  CANADA — This  fortress  is  located  on  the  heights  of  the  plain.  „ 

covers,  with  its  works,  an  area  of  forty  acres.     The  town  is  built  arouiui  the  base  of  Cape  Diaiuond.     An  attempt  was 
made  by  the  Americans  to  capture  it  in  1775,  but  it  failed  on  account  of  the  accidental  death  of  General  Montgomery- 
who  commanded  the  force.  ' 


ICE  SHOVE  AT  MONTREAL,  CANADA — DurinR  thewitii       ,  11;  of  Montreal  Ubarricaded 

with  ice,  as  seen  above.  An  ice  shove  at  Montreal  is  more  frightful  to  liehold  thnii  those  in  tlie  Delaware,  Susquehaon* 
and  Schuylkill  Rivers,  but  rarely  more  destructive,  as  the  break-up  of  the  ice  ia  the  spring  is  not  confined  to  narrow 
fcouuds  as  it  flows  out. 

M 


HALIFAX,  NOVA  SCOTIA,  FROM  CITADEL,  LOOKING  EAST. 


VIEW  OF  HALIFAX  FROH  THE  CITADEL. 

The  population  of  Halifax,  N  S.,  was  increased  not  a  few  after  the  Revolutionary  War  by  Tories  who  could  not 
content  themselves  to  live  under  an  independent  government  in  the  United  States,  and  accordmgly  migrated  to  a  City 
within  the  dominions  of  King  George.  In  the  second  war  with  Great  Britian,  Halifax  was  a  place  of  importance  to 
the  English  The  "Chesapeake"  was  taken  there  a  prisoner  by  the  victorious  "Shannon"  after  the  terrible  fight 
off  Boston  in  which  the  noble  Lawrence  fell.  In  the  event  of  a  war  between  England  and  Russia,  Halifax  would  b 
the  port  used  in  the  transportation  of  British  troops  to  Central  Asia  partly  by  the  Canadian  Pacific  Railwav. 

97 


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^..^    ^.AKi-TA  ■  iiriA    CANTIAflO   CHILI The  wonderful  antl  unique  plousuregioumU 

SPANISH  COAT  OF  ARMS,  SANTA  LUCIA.  SAN llAUU   v,n  ui       .nc  eminent  w-riter.  omlor  ana 

of  the  Chi  ian  capital,  know.,  as  Sa.Ua  Luo.a.  were  provule,!   ""f,f;  "'> /'^'^^.^eara^  was  indeevU  happy  thought 

atate^ma,^  Henjanlin  Vienna  MacKenna  w   o  was  Ooven,«    of  ^^^^^^^^^  ^,^  ^^^.   {^^o  .  ^rt 

to  transfonn  a  barren  brown  rock,  ,^2"^J\X'V to  the  Cit^  BatUen,ente<l  buildings  art:  U,e  conspicuous  «'^fic«» 
nresenting  an  '^"^^^^^^■^^^^i  Sen  oth^ picture,  a  ^ood  opportunity  to  honor  the  motherland.  bp«n. 
t"  u^;gTerr;tTars"a«s  :','.  oniamelTt  rolling  proud  a?^d  chivaln^c  memones. 


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POST-OFFICE  AT  VALPARAISO,  CHILI. 


PALAIIAL  RESIDENCE  AT  VALPARAISO,  CHILL— The  finest  private  hoUM..s  in 
Vali)araiso  are  situated  on  Victoria  Street,  which  is  a  centre  of  great  wealth  and  luxur\-.  Its 
name  suggests  Ivnglish  influence,  which  predominates  in  Chili,  trade  ami  commerce  and  the 
other  progressive  elements  in  Chilian  life  In-ing  chiefly  due  to  the  enterprise  of  our  British 
cousins,  many  of  whom  are  residents  of  Valparaiso,  and  Knglish  is  the  prevailing  language  of 
the  city.  Two  generations  ago  ValjMiraiso  was  one  street  on  the  edge  of  the  liarl)or  ;  now  it  is 
a  wealthy  place  with  130,000  inhahitnnts.  I';uro])ean  steamers  on  their  way  from  New  Zealand 
and  Australia  call  there,  as  well  as  tho.se  from  Panama  and  San  Francisco.  The  post-office  has 
business  with  many  countries  t>c.sides  Chili  and  is  managed  with  the  ability  proper  to  its  import- 
ouce  as  a  receiver  and  distributer  of  a  large  and  international  correspondence. 

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GARDEN  OF  HONO  KONG,  HONG  KONG,  CHINA. 


ENGLISH  QUARTER,  CITY  OF  HONG  ICONG,  CHINA. 

The  recent  decision  of  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  that  the  "Geary  Law,"  for  the  exclusion  of  the  Chinese 
;«  valid  has  created  more  or  less  interest  in  China,  its  people,  and  their  manners  and  customs.  China  hopes,  however, 
that  the  threatened  evil  may  be  averted. — The  English  q^uarters  selected  by  the  subjects  of  Queen  Victoria  in  the  city 
of  Hong  Kong,  China,  exhibits  excellent  discretion  on  their  part,  for  it  is  one  of  the  most  delightfully  pleasant  spots  in 
or  about  that  city. 


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THE  PUBLIC i  AINS  AT  QUITO,  ECUADOR. -Within  a  radius  of  fifty  miles  from 

Quito  a  score  of  monarch  mountains  raise  their  snow  crowned  heads ;  but,  though  embosomed 
at  an  Alpine  height  above  the  level  of  the  sea,  the  prevailing  landscape  around  the  city  is  of 
low  ranges  of  green  hills.  Water  is  brought  miles  by  carriers  for  the  use  of  those  who  can 
afford  to  buy  it,  but  the  chief  source  of  supply  is  from  the  public  fountains.  That  peon  with 
the  burden  is  carrying  a  roll  of  the  matting  made  in  the  country.  The  population  of  Quito 
usually  is  given  as  far  greater  than  it  actually  is,  and  is  probably  under  40,000.  Its  low,  balconied 
houses  are  white-washed,  and  their  red-tiled  roofs  project  over  the  streets  some  distance.  These 
are  laid  out  at  right  angles,  and  are  not  more  than  twenty  feet  wide.  A  spring  climate  is  enjoyed 
throughout  the  year,  and  not  a  chimney  is  seen  in  the  city.  Cooking  is  done  out  of  doors  by 
the  side  of  walls.  Indians  and  people  of  mixed  or  European  descent  constitute  the  bulk  of  the 
inhabitants,  of  whom  those  who  possess  the  means  affect  the  European  style  of  dress. 


SIRKEI  IN  BUBNOS  AYRBS,  ARUBNTINB  RBPUBLIC— Approaching  the  city  by 
sea  the  tourist  sees  only  church  towers  and  a  few  proiiiiueiil  buildings,  and  hardly  realizes' that 
Buenos  Ayres  is  as  large  as  Boston.  Behind  it  a  plain  reaches  800  miles  tmck  to  the  Andes. 
Hence  the  insigniticant  appearance  of  tlie  capital  of  the  Argentine  Republic,  which  had  only 
5CX3  inhabitants  200  years  ago,  but  is  now  known  as  the  Chicago  of  the  soutliern  continent. 
Generally  speaking,  its  streets  are  narrow  and  poorly  pavtxl,  but  regularly  laid  out  in  squares. 
Boulevards  cutting  the  city  diajjonally  relieve  the  other  thoroughfares  of  niiich  traffic.  Dwelling- 
houses  are  of  brick,  sha|)cd  like  those  of  the  northern  continent,  but  having  their  window* 
barred  with  iron.  Some  residences  have  a  court  with  fountains,  foliage  and  frnjfrant  flowers. 
— Contrasting  with  the  modern  ap|x.-aniiice  of  Buenos  Aytes,  the  Capital  at  yuito  i.s  an  old, 
long,  columned  structure  of  brick  an*l  .stucco.  On  the  i^round  floor  are  wHne  sliops,  on  the 
second  the  post-ofiice  and  a  telegraph  office,  and  on  the  Uurd  the  two  halls  of  Congrew. 


POST  STATION  BETWEEN  AMBATO  AND  QUITO. 


THE  ROYAL  ROAD  FROM  BODEQAS  TO  QUARANDA,  ECUADOR.—"  The  Royal 
Road,"  eminently  so  called,  is  from  Bodegas  to  Guaranda,  P^cuador.  Those  ridges  which  give 
character  to  the  scene  are  named  camellones.  They  cross  the  track  at  right  angles,  and  are  said 
to  have  been  formed  by  the  tread  of  mules  and  other  animals.  A  recent  traveler  speaks  of 
typical  examples  having  each  a  furrow  of  liquid  mud  upon  each  side  of  a  ridge  of  slippery  soil, 
with  a  difference  of  two  feet  or  more  between  the  top  of  the  ridge  and  the  bottom  of  the 
furrow,  and  man  and  beast  struggle  over  the  one  and  wallow  in  the  other. — From  Ambato  to 
Quito  is  seventy-five  miles,  a  two  days'  trip  by  coach,  with  an  intermediate  post  station,  as 
shown  in  the  picture.  Six  mules  constitute  the  team,  driven  by  the  help  of  vociferation,  pebbles 
thrown  at  the  leaders,  a  long-handled  whip  applied  to  the  second  pair  and  a  short-handled  one 
to  the  wheelers. 

121 


THE  SECOND  NILE  CATARACT.— After  the  Nile  receives  iu  liist  tributon,-.  it  ttows  600  miles  through  the 
Nubian  desert.  It  then  breaks  into  five  magnificent  Cftturacts,  the  last  of  which  is  at  Assouan,  and  the  second,  which  is 
before  yon,  at  its  entrance  into  the  Wftdy  (ravine)  Haifa,  200  miles  above  the  first.  While  any  and  all  of  thcste  cataracts 
are  fatal  to  navigation  by  large  boats  seeking  to  stem  the  .swift  currents,  they  may  be  <lesccnde<l  by  light  vessels  with 
comiMirative  safety  if  they  are  skillfully  Imndlcil.  The  second  cataract  is  the  swiftest  and  most  dangerous  of  all,  since 
tlie  seething,  dashing  waters  are  closely  confine<l  in  a  ileep  ranne,  whose  edges  and  bottom  are  a  succession  of  bold 
rocks,  about  which  the  currents  play  in  great  fury. 

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BOATING  ON  THE  NILE.— Egypt  is  not  prolific  in  ri\-er8,  the  Nile  Ijcing  the  only  one  of  anv  magnitude,  and 
therefore  boating  there  is  a  favorite  aiuf  expensive  t>astitne.  At  seasons,  however,  the  Nile  is  not  a  \-ery  pleasant  stream 
to  navigate,  nor  a  very  safe  one,  as  at  times  it  is  citlier  almost  dry  or  a  raging,  rushing  stream.  It  has  fts  cradle  in  the 
Victoria  Nyaiiza,  an  enonnous  lake  in  Central  Africa.  The  great  feature  of  the  Nile  is  the  Murchison  Fall,  where  the 
river  rages  furiously  through  a  rock-hound  pjuss  and  plunges  at  one  leap  no  feet  into  a  gloom v  alivss ;  when  below  this 
point,  continuing  between  steep  forest-covered  hills,  it  gradually  calms  down  into  a  stream  so  slow  and  steady  that  at 
certain  seasons  it  is  only  from  the  scarcely  perceptible  drifting  of  little  green  water-plants  that  the  flow  can  be  o'bserved. 

124 


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All  \AM)«IA,  HGYPT,  AFTER  THE  BOMBAklUN.i    \n.i    , iiN(i. 

When  Tewfik  l)ecaiiie  Khedive  a  cotntnissioii  of  French,  German,  Knclish,  Austrian  and  Italian  dclcf^tea  drew 
up  a  phin  in  favor  of  creditors  of  tlie  IvKyptian  government  which  placed  it  under  bonds.  These,  whether  justly 
itn]>o.se<l  or  not,  were  oppressive  to  the  tiixjiavere.  Arabi  l«i  the  mutinous  Cairo  garrisons,  Tewfik  weaken«l,  the 
National  As,scnibly  was  convoketl  and  took  the  budget  into  its  own  hands,  sub\-ertinK  the  dual  control  of  Knglancl  and 
France.  On  June  1 1,  18S2,  there  was  a  nias.sHcre  of  Kuropeans  in  AIexan<lria,  which  wa«  bombarded  by  the  Rngtish 
fleet  on  July  11,  1882.     When  Uie  British  landed  they  found  the  city  looted.     Arabi  was  soon  overpowefcd. 

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A  CHARGE  OF  ARAB  CAVALRY. 


EGYPTIAN  SOLDIERS  ON  PARADE. 

The  top  picture  is  after  a  celebrated  painting  by  A.  Schreyer.  Perfect  horsemen  and  skilled  in  the  use  of  firearms, 
the  Arabs  of  northern  Africa  assisted,  effectively,  tlie  protracted  opposition  to  the  concjuest  of  Algiers  by  the  French. 
At  the  present  time  the  Sahara  Desert  is  dotted  with  oases  which  are  the  dwelling-places  of  tribes  who  have 
acknowledged  rarely  the  supremacy  of  the  Sultan  of  Morocco,  and  have  watched  eagerly  for  an  opportunity  to  rise 
against  him. — In  contrast  with  these  courageous  and  freedom-loving  sons  of  the  desert,  the  raw  material  of  the 
Egyptian  Army  consists  largely  of  the  weakest  of  people,  the  native  pea,sants.  Their  cowardice  entailed  terrible 
consequences  in  the  war  against  the  rebellious  Mahdi.  Of  late  years,  since  the  British  occupation  of  Egypt,  their 
capability  as  soldiers  has  been  improved  greatly  by  the  power  of  discipline  exercised  over  them  by  English  officers, 
not  have  been  wanting  instances,  in  recent  fights  with  the  Soudanese,  of  the  sense  of  united  force  overcoming  the 
natural  timidity  of  the  individual  Egyptian  soldier. 

9  129 


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ASCHNDINQ  THE  PYRAMIDS,  EGYPT. —This  pleasing  scene  represents  the  difficulUes  of  the  traveler  who  is 
ambitious  to  scale  the  pyramids  of  Kgypt.  Time,  weather  inroads,  the  vandiilisni  of  conquerors  and  curiosity  hunters, 
have  so  distorted  the  former  irregularities  of  pyramidal  architecture  as  to  make  a  trip  to  their  summits  ver}*  much  like 
climbing  over  the  boulders  of  Alp  or  Apennine.  Yet  hardy  travelers  do  not  consider  an  Egyptian  visit  perfect  unleaa 
they  have  gazed  over  the  Nile  valley  from  the  top  of  the  extraordinary  structure  at  Gizeh,  with  its  base  of  yao  feet 
square,  and  its  height  of  480  feet,  and  can  say  that  they  have  stood  on  the  peak  of  the  most  gigantic  human  work  la 
tbe  world.  ^^ 


THE  STANDING  OBELISKS,  KARNAK,  EQYPT.— Karnak  is  the  name  of  the  village  built  on  the  ruins  of 
ancient  Thebes.  Little  is  left  of  this  ancient  capital,  the  city  of  a  hundred  gates,  "as  sung  by  Homer."  Two  colossal 
statues  of  Rameses  II.  are  lying  prone  on  the  ground,  and  the  Temple  of  Sarapis  is  full  of  archaeological  interest. 
This  is  the  famous  Temple  of  the  Sacred  Bulls  honored  by  the  ancient  Egyptians  as  successive  incarnations  of  Osiris. 
While  they  lived  they  inhabited  the  Temple  of  Aphis,  and  after  their  death  and  embalmment  they  were  buried  in  a 
temple  made  in  the  desert  for  the  reception  of  their  mummies.  The  sight  of  this  structure  was  discovered  in  1850,  by 
M.  Mariette ;  and  afterward  the  sands  hiding  the  ruins  were  removed.  Readers  who  have  seen  the  obelisk  in  the 
Central  Park,  New  York,  will  be  quite  at  home  with  the  principal  objects  shown  in  the  illustration,  which,  like  that, 
have  engraved  upon  them  characters  very  tantalizing  to  the  unlearned. 


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FOUNTAIN  OF-  AIJLU  1  IONS,  no.SyUl-  Ol"  SULTAN  HASSAN,  CAIRO,  hU^PI.  L.iro,  «iiicti 
is  nothing  if  not  pious,  has  400  inosmics,  the  chief  one  of  which  is  at  the  end  of  the  Boulcvanl  Mohammed- 
Ali,  close  to  the  citadel.  Its  founder  was  the  Sultan  Hassan,  who  was  so  verv  pleased  with  it  upon  its 
completion  that  lie  cut  off  both  the  architect's  hands  so  as  to  make  sure  he  could  not  plan  a  stnicturt;  to 
connx,-te  with  it  in  excellence  of  desiK".  After  ascending  a  few  steps  von  jjass  tlirough  a  lofty  hall  and 
(flooiny  corridor  into  the  ^reat  central  court  of  the  mostpie,  built  of  marble,  a  quadrangle  in  form',  immenae 
in  size  and  magnificent  in  ap])earance.  Rach  of  the  sides  has  an  arched  recess  wherein  the  faithful  rest 
and  pray,  after  performing  due  ablutions  and  making  certain  ejaculatory  pravers  at  the  fountain,  and 
leaving  their  slippers  on  the  matting.  The  fountain,  descrilKHl  as  once  a  miracle  of  Saracenic  art,  is  foot 
going  to  destruction.     Kl  Nasir  liassau  sleeps  within  the  great  house  which  he  built. 

140 


THE  MOSQUE  OF  MOHAMMED-ALI,  CAIRO,  EQYPT.— Elsewhere  is  described  the  mosqae  of  Sultan  Hassan, 

■which,  though  stiinller  than  the  one  here  pictured,  is  the  handsomer  buiUliuK  of  the  two.  As  its  name  implies,  the 
mosque  of  Mohatnined-Ali  is  of  comparatively  recent  construction,  and  it  has  the  faults  of  modem  Arabic  aichitecturt, 
offending  good  taste  bv  gnrishness,  tawdriness  and  the  too  profuse  use  of  ornament  Its  situation  and  the  majesty  of 
its  dimensions  connnand  the  attention  of  tourists,  however,  and  the  view  from  its  terrace  is  magnificent  All  Cairo  and 
its  suburbs  are  included  within  its  scope,  the  Nile  flows  lielow,  and  in  the  distance  glare  the  yellow  sands  of  the  desert, 
while  the  Lybian  hills  raise  their  desolate  heads  in  the  fierce  light  of  the  Egyptian  atmosphere.  Mohammed-AU  waft 
buried  in  Uie  mosque  named  after  him. 


MINARETS  OF  A  MOSQUE,  CAIRO,  EQYPT.— What  we  call  the  church  steeple  is  the  minaret  of  the 
mosque.  Most  mosques  have  several  minarets.  In  these  the  Oriental  builder  is  seen  at  his  best,  as  regards  both 
design  and  detail,  many  of  them  being  exquisite  specimens  of  his  skill.  The  muezzin  is  the  officer  whose  business  it  is 
to  chant  the  invitations  to  prayer,  at  sunrise,  at  noon,  three  hours  before  sunset,  at  sunset,  an  hour  and  a  half  after 
sunset,  and  at  intervals  during  the  night,  these  last  not  obligatory.  During  the  daytime  he  chants  the  words,  "  God 
is  great,"  repeated  four  times  ;  "  I  testify  that  there  is  no  deity  but  God,"  repeated  twice  ;  "I  testify  that  Mohammed 
is  God's  prophet,"  twice;  "Come  to  prayer,"  twice;  "Come  to  security,"  twice;  "God  is  most  great,"  twice; 
"There  is  no  deity  but  God."  In  the  night  his  calls  begin  with  the  assertion  that  "Prayer  is  better  than  sleep." 
Bvery  faithful  Mussulman  spreads  out  his  mat  and  prays  the  moment  the  muezzin's  call  reaches  his  ears. 


143 


HORSE  MERCHANT  OF  CAIRO.  EOYPT.— An  oUl  and  ubiquitous  story— that  ot  showing  off  the  spirit  and  pace* 
of  the  horse  to  the  best  advunUiK*.',  ami  men  watching  the  scene  with  the  air'and  attitude  of  a  wisdom  most  profound. 
In  its  main  features  the  acene  in  the  picture  is  lus  famihar  in  I'hiladelpliia  and  New  York  as  iu  Cairo,  and  sutq^esti  cwry- 
where  and  in  all  times  the  same  tale  of  successful  trickery  and  defraudeil  sclf<onceit.  'Tis  an  old  amusement  to  contrast 
tie  nobility  of  the  horse  with  the  degradation  of  the  man  who  makes  merchandise  of  him.  OuLsidc  of  the  interest  in 
the  expecte<l  sale,  which  is  shared  keenly  bv  the  woman  who  looks  down  into  the  strtct  from  a  window,  the  illustration 
has  extraordiimry  merit  as  showing  a  bit  of  the  city  with  such  iaithfulucas  of  architectural  detail  aa  the  moat  ob»crvaat 
visitor  would  probably  fail  to  note. 

144 


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HIS  CAPTIVE. — Philip  H.  Calderon,  an  English  artist,  gave  the  world  the  original  of  this  fine  engraving.  An 
oriental  warrior  contemplates  his  beautiful  captive,  whom  the  chances  of  battle  have  made  his  own.  No  consideration 
other  than  that  of  his  own  gratification,  not  even  the  humble  beseechings  of  maidenly  innocence,  influences  him.  Her 
destiny  is  slavery  to  his  desires,  an  example  of  the  cruel  consequences  of  war  as  it  was  practiced  universally  until  modified 
in  the  more  advanced  nations  by  a  humane  regard  to  the  interests  of  non-participants.  Mr.  Calderon  was  bom  at 
Poitiers,  France,  and  is  of  Spanish  descent.  He  was  educated  partly  in  France  and  partly  in  England,  and  is  a 
naturalized  Englishman.  His  first  painting,  "  By  the  Waters  of  Babylon,"  exhibited  at  the  Royal  Academy,  gave  him 
distinction  as  long  ago  as  1853, 


161 


GARDEN  FRONT  OF  WINDSOR  CASTLE. 


GENERAL  VIEW  OF  THE  TOWER  OF  LONDON. 

The  ganlens  fronting  Windsor  Castle,  as  shown  in  the  present  view,  are  the  Italian  gardens.  They  are 
artistically  laid  out  and  ititers]K'rsed  with  pieces  of  statuary.  Tlie  Tower  of  London  has  not  been  a  royal  palace 
since  the  reign  of  Chnrles  II.,  who  dieil  in  1685.  Its  exterior  is  best  Wewwi  from  Tower  Hill,  which  wa.s"  tile  place 
of  execution  of  ninny  eminent  persons  decapitate*!  from  13S8  to  1747.  Komicrlv  a  moat  surroundeil  the  Tower,  the 
buildings  of  which  cover  twelve  acres,  with  the  grounds  conneclc<l  with  thcin  a  space  of  twcntv-six  acres.  There  ia 
a  tradition  that  Julius  Ciesar  began  the  Tower,  but  it  is  doul)te<l  that  anv  part  of  the  present  structure  was  ia 
exi.stence  prior  to  the  Norman  coiKiuest,  1066.  William  the  Con<iueror  built  the  White  Tower,  or  Keep,  in  1078  ;  St 
Thonins'8  Tower  was  added  in  the  next  two  reigns,  and  in  the  reign  of  Richard  I.  and  his  nephew,  Henry  IIL, 
extensive  additions  were  made.  The  greater  part  of  the  edifice  as  it  now  .stands  is  of  architecture  not  later  than 
1275,  the  year  in  which  Henry  HI.  died.  A  great  part  of  the  histor>-  of  Kngland  might  be  written  from  tlie  sad 
itories  of  prisoners  in  the  Tower  of  London,  native  and  foreign  ;  the  unfortunate  in  war  and  tH>litical  intrigue,  and 
the  victims  of  ambition,  jealousy,  hiitre<l  and  jK-rseculion.  The  vi.sitor  enters  the  building  under  the  Middle  Tower, 
which  is  defended  by  gates  and  a  iK>rtciillis.  He  sees  the  Byewnrd  Tower,  the  Traitors  Gate  or  Sir  Thomas's 
Tower,  the  Hlootly  Tower,  where  Ivlwnnl  V.  and  his  brother  we're  smothered  bv  command  of  their  uncle,  aflenranl 
Richiird  III.  ;  aiul  delays  at  the  Reeonl,  or  Wakefield  Tower,  because  he  finds  here  on  view  the  crown  iewels,-incll»i> 
iug  that  glorious  aggregation  which  adorned  the  head  of  Queen  Victoria  on  her  Coronation  Day. 


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MODERN  ATHENS. — Capital  of  Greece,  beautifully  situated  on  a  plain  running  back  from  the  Saronic  Gulf 
to  the  magnificent  heights  of  Lycabetus,  919  feet  high,  whose  summit  is  crowned  by  the  chapel  of  St.  George,  and 
whose  range  embraces  the  Acropolis,  Areopagus,  Pnyx  and  Museium.  The  site  is  highly  suggestive  of  that  glorious 
past  when  Athens  was  the  seat  of  the  world's  learning,  philosophy  and  art. 


HOUSES  OF  PARLIAMENT,  LONDON.— This  fine  view  presents  the  new  Houses  of  Parliament,  London, 
built  1840-57,  upon  the  site  of  old  Westminster  Chapel.  Their  Thames,  or  river,  front  is  940  feet,  and  they  cover  eight 
acres.  Within  are  1 1  courtyards,  500  apartments,  18  official  residences,  and  the  two  great  Halls  of  Commons  and 
i<ords.     The  architecture  is  gothic. 


THE  CASTLE  FROM  ST.  CUTHBERT'S  CHURCHYARD,  EDINBURGH,  SCOTLAND. 


York  is  (li.slinKuishe<l  anioiiR  Knglish  cathedral  cities  because  it  possesses,  in  its  Minster,  the  finest  piece  of  Gothic 

arch.twture  ...  the  vyhole  country,  which  is  richly  strewn  with  reliS^of  a  dewul  past     si.  Mar^••s  is'^a^therTiS 

!il.w  Kv  '..         .'  ""'^"1   "'"K'"('9''"7  »'«•■'  ''qxirtcl  by  slow  dcKnTes  as  en%-ious  Ti.ne  has  un.ien..ine,I  its  columns  and 

I^t^f^i^y.        ,  ^i'?- '•~t'^.>^7"'    "'  "X  '^"^\  '^'■"^''y  ""«  <■"""  "  A"l<«  Reekie."  as  the  Scotch  .leliRht  to  call  thSt 
ptcture-sn.,..  „.,d  historic  Edinburgh.     On  anoUier  page  there  is  quite  a  little  talk  about  E-linburgh  CwUe. 


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HOTEL  DES  INVALIDES,  PARIS,  FRANCE.— This  building  was  begun  by  Louis  XIV.  in  1674,  after  .icsigns 
by  the  celebrated  Jules  Hardouiu-Mansiird,  the  genius  who  also  concei\x-<l  the  palace  and  chapel  by  Venoillca,  the 
IMace  Vend6uie  and  otlier  suj^-rb  structures.  Its  dome  is  majestic  though  somewhat  heavy  iu  etfcct  Underueath  it 
rests  the  mortal  remains  of  Napoleon  I.,  which  were  removed  from  St.  Helena  in  1840,  with  demonstrations  exceedingly 
significant  of  the  itnpression  the  career  of  the  great  soldier  and  statesman  had  made  on  the  mind  of  the  French 
nation.  I.^uis  I'hilip])e  was  king  at  the  time.  The  arrangement  he  made  with  the  English  Go\-crnmcnt  pro\-iding  for 
the  riinoval  of  the  Ixnly  of  the  IvmiK-ror  was  the  most  popular  act  of  his  adimiiislratioii,  which,  it  will  be  remciiilwred, 
ended  iu  his  ignominious  fliifht  from  Paris  iu  1848. 

173 


TOMB  OF  NAPOLEON,  PARIS,  FRANCE.— The  tomb  of  the  great  Corsican  stands  under  the  dome  of  the 
Invalides,  in  a  circular  space  beneath  the  richly  decorated  cupola.  It  is  of  Finland  granite,  presented  by  the  Czar 
Nicholas.  Napoleon's  remains  were  taken  to  France  from  St.  Helena,  in  1841,  and  buried  with  much  pomp. 
Surrounding  the  great  cupola  are  four  smaller  ones,  in  which  are  tombs  of  Joseph  Bonaparte,  Jerome  Bonaparte,  his 
eldest  .son,  and  the  Princess  Catherine  of  Wurtemberg.  Two  other  cupolas  are  empty.  It  is  suggested  that  Napoleon 
III.  and  his  son  would  find  fitting  resting  places  in  these. 

179 


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CHURCH  OF  THE  MADELEINE.  PARIS,  FRANCE.-The  Mn.lolcinc  wns  hoRtin  in   1764      Work  on  it  was 

as  lo  le. nple  <if  la  Clo.re/'  in  honor  „f  the  sohhers  of  the  (-.ran.l  Anny.  With  his  downfall  the  oriRinal  intention  to 
buld  Q  church  W.US  reverted  to  and  it  was  finished  as  such  in  .832.  It  rt^semhles  n  n.aKnirtce.U  i^an  temple  in  iu 
-w',',"-'  ,  "»^'>'°"'«^/l<^«^"bed  the  interior  in  glowinR  language.  After  noting  its  g.M.eral  featn>!j-s  he  p^'^ls: 
\V  ithin  the  sweeiw  of  the  arches  there  are  fresco  paintings  of  sacrc<l  subjects,  and  a  beautiful  picture  coven*  the  hollow 
rInr..Ly!)r.  rT\^^  V'^  ""r'""'  '«'"1«^« '"»«-■>'  >^^ipl»Tc.  and  especially  a  group  alK>^•e  ami  around  the  high  altar. 
representing  the  Magdalen,  snuhiig  ,  own  ujk)!!  angeU  and  arehangels.  some  6f  whom  ar«  kneeling,  and  al^dowW 
themselves  with  their  heavy  uiurble  wings. "  *       •-  »'~«wwuig 

182 


STAIRWAY  OF  THE  GRAND  OPERA  HOUSE.  FRANCE.-Many  European  capitals  vie  with  each  other  in 
that  species  of  architecture  adapted  to  the  requirements  of  a  perfect  opera  house.  When  the  merits  of  all  are  conceded, 
the  Grand  Opera  House  at  Paris  stands  readily  to  the  front  as  the  most  elegant  and  complete  on  the  Continent,  if  not  in 
the  world.  The  beautiful  and  striking  view  before  you  is  the  one  which  dazzles  the  beholder  as  he  seeks  to 'ascend  to 
the  mner  halls  and  galleries.  The  expanse,  symmetry,  comfort  and  ornamentation  of  this  marble  approach  are  the 
remark  of  every  visitor,  and  for  the  time  being  one  is  lost  to  the  graceful  columns,  elegant  sculptures  and  mazy 
reflections  of  the  upper  corridors. 

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GARDENS  OF  THE  LUXEMBOURQ,  PARIS.— For  generations  the  gardens  of  the  Luxembourg  have  been 
regarded  as  the  prettiest  and  pleasantest  spot  in  all  Paris — the  best  type  of  palace  pleasure  grounds  to  be  seen  there. 
John  Evelyn  praised  them,  and  the  palace  too,  in  terms  almost  enthusiastic.  Diderot  and  Rousseau  enjoyed  deliglitful 
walks  in  this  lovely  place.  In  the  Reign  of  Terror  crowds  of  people  were  wont  to  assemble  in  the  gardens  in  the  hope 
to  catch  probably  the  last  sight  of  their  friends  confined  as  prisoners  in  the  palace,  but  who  were  allowed  sometimes  to 
show  themselves  at  the  windows.  On  December  7,  1815,  Marshal  Ney,  "the  bravest  of  the  brave,"  was  executed  at  the 
end  of  the  garden  enclosure.  King  Louis  Philippe  placed  statues  here  and  there  in  the  gardens,  one  of  the  chief 
ornaments  of  which  is  the  fountain  of  Marie  de  M6dicis.  The  palace  was  built  for  this  historic  personage,  under  the 
direction  of  Jacques  Debrosse,  between  the  years  1615  and  1620. 

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BED  OF  NAF>OLEON  I.,  FONTAINEBLEAU,  FRANCE.— Fontaiiicblcau  1537  miles  d istaiit  from  Paris  and  attracts 
numerous  visitors  by  its  forest  and  historic  chateau,  of  wliich  considerable  detail  is  given  elsewhere  in  this  royal  gallery. 
The  great  Napoleon  took  a  prominent  part  in  contributing  to  its  splendor  and  magnificence.  Suniptuousness  hardly 
has  found  more  elaborate  expres.sion  than  in  his  bedchamber  at  Fontainebleau,  between  which  and  the  hardships  of  his 
life  as  a  military  leader  an  interesting  contrast  might  be  instituted.  When,  in  1814,  he  signed  his  abdication  in  this 
venerable  palace  of  the  French  sovereigns  be  bade  what  proved  to  be  an  eternal  good-bye  to  the  enjoyment  of  imperial 
pomp  and  state,  his  life,  after  his  return  from  Elba,  being  one  of  incessant  military  activity.  The  affecting  scene  whea 
ne  bade  the  Imperial  Guard  good-bye  took  place  at  Fontainebleau. 

191 


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MARIE  ANTOINBTTE  ON  HER  WAY  TO  EXECUTION.— Marie  Aiiloinelte,  Uie  wife 
of  I/niis  XVI.,  was  a  daughter  of  Marie  Theresa  of  Austria.  She  was  bom  on  the  second  of 
November,  1755,  was  married  to  Louis  on  the  sixteenth  of  May,  1770,  and  became  Qiieen  on 
the  <leath  of  Louis  XV.,  in  May,  1774.  She  was  noted  for  her  extravagance  in  <lrfss  and  her 
pa.ssion  for  the  card-table.  Her  love  of  amusement,  her  intimacy  with  tne  Polignacs,  her  night 
visits  to  masked  balls  and  the  scandal  of  the  <liatnond  necklace,  in  which  she  was  not  to  blnmc, 
spread  her  name  with  infamy  all  over  France,  and  the  j>eople  regardol  her  extravagance  as 
the  cause  of  their  poverty  and  want.  But  she  was  not  delMinchctl  and  dissipated  ;  her  faults 
weie  that  she  was  frivolous  and  careless  of  public  opinion.  She  was  guillottnea  on  the  sixteenth 
of  October,  179,^,  atiout  nine  months  after  the  execution  of  her  husband.  It  is  hanl  to  speak 
of  Marie  Antoinette  with  justice,  her  faults  were  caused  by  her  etlucation  and  position  rather 
than  her  nature,  and  she  expiated  them  far  more  bitterly  tlian  was  deserved. 

194 


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A  FRENCH  ZOUAVE.— This  is  a  splendid  type  of  the  French  Zouave  soldier,  in  stature,  arm  and  marching 
equipment.  The  word  Zouave  is  Arabic,  and  is  applied  to  the  warlike  tribe  of  Kabyles,  in  Algiers,  who  were  hired  as 
soldiers  by  the  rulers  of  Algiers,  Tunis  and  Tripoli.  When  the  French  conquered  Algiers,  in  1830,  they  retained  the 
Zouave  warriors,  but  took  care  to  introduce  an  equal  number  of  French  soldiers  into  their  ranks.  The  Moorish, 
costume  was  retained,  but  the  European  arms  and  discipline  took  the  place  of  those  formeriy  in  use. 

201 


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EDOUARD  DBlAtLLh^S  "SURPRISED  IN  A  CHATEAU."— Detaille  was  born  in  1848,  at  Paris. 
(He  was  a  pupil  of  Meissonier,  and,  like  him,  has  made  his  fame  as  a  military  painter.  During  the  Franco- 
German  war  he  was  one  of  the  secretaries  of  General  Appert.  and  made  drawings  which  were  of  use  in  the 
conduct  of  military  operations.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Society  of  French  Water-Color  Painters. 
In  188 1,  additional  to  other  well-earned  distinctions,  he  was  made  an  officer  of  the  Legion  of  Honor.  In  the 
remarkable  picture  under  view  Detaille  shows  the  advance  guard  of  a  body  of  French  troops  who  have  caught 
German  soldiers  in  an  old  country  house.  Evidently  the  Germans  sought  the  interior  of  the  building  in  a 
hurry,  as  witness  the  knapsack  and  helmet  left  at  the  foot  of  the  steps. 

203 


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AFTER  THE  BATH. 

The  smaller  of  tlie  two  pictures  is  after  a  painting  by  Klizabeth  Thompson  Butler — one  which  earned  her  fCtvA 
celebrity.  When  Napoleon  I.  crossed  the  frontier  into  Belgium,  on  June  15,  1815,  his  hope  was  to  defeat  the  armies 
of  Wellington  and  Bliicher  one  at  a  time.  Acrordingly,  on  the  following  day,  he  attacked  the  Prussians  at  I.igny,  and 
ordered  Ney  to  watch  the  British  under  Wellington,  who  were  at  Quatre  Bras.  Napoleon  was  succcs.sfu I,  but  Ney'« 
vigorous  attacks  could  not  overcome  the  steady  courage  of  the  Rnglisli  lines,  and  he  was  repulsc<l.  The  defeat  of 
Bliicher  induced  Wellington  to  form  his  lines  at  Waterloo,  where  he  would  be  able  to  cover  Brussels  and  to  keep  up 
communication  with  the  I'russian  anny.  Napoleon  attacked  him  there  on  Sunday,  June  18,  unsuccessfully,  and 
Bliicher's  advent  towards  the  end  of  tlie  dav  enabled  tlie  British  {^neral  to  order  that  united  advance  of  the  allied 
armies  which  routed  the  French. — "  After  the  Bath,"  by  G.  Boldini,  is  a  scene  from  the  harem.  A  beauty,  fatigued  by 
her  ablutions,  rests  luxuriously,  while  her  Ktliiopian  slave  collects  her  dainty  apparel.  The  strong  contrmsta  in  the 
picture  are  wrought  out  with  admirable  mastery. 

206 


FRONT  VIEW  OF  CASINO  AT  MONTE  CARLO. 


THE  TAJ  MAHAL,  AGRA,  HINDOSTAN. 

Monte  Carlo  is  a  small  town  in  the  territory  of  Monaco,  celebrated  for  its  games  of  chance,  carried  on  in  the 
building  of  which  an  illustration  is  given.  The  property  belongs  to  a  joint-stock  company.  About  a  thousand 
persons  are  employed  in  the  building  and  gardens,  and  four  hundred  thousand  visitors  try  their  luck  at  Monte 
Carlo  every  year.  Monaco  is  a  principality  on  the  Mediterranean  Sea,  about  nine  miles  from  Nice.— In  the  Taj 
Mahal,  Agra,  India,  the  architecture  of  India  finds  its  choicest  and  best  expression.  It  was  erected  by  Shah  Jehan, 
who  began  to  reign  in  1628,  as  a  mausoleum  of  his  favorite  wife,  Mumtaz  Mahal.  The  body  of  the  Emperor 
himself  lies  by  her  side.  Twenty  thousand  men  worked  twenty  years  to  build  this  "  mystic  monument  of  love, " 
which  overlooks  the  River  Jumna.  Impressive  at  all  times  on  account  of  its  supreme  architectural  loveliness,  its 
immaculate  white  walls  and  graceful  proportions  appear  to  singular  perfection  in  the  pale  starlight 
,  207 


BURNING  OF  JOAN  OP  ARC,  FRANCE This  touching  scene  closes  the  life  of  one  of  the 

most  reniiirkiible  personages  in  history.  Horn  h  ]K-asant  of  Lorraine,  rcare<l  only  to  tend  her  father's 
sheep  in  the  forests  of  Doinreniy,  she  became  convinceil  that  site  was  the  virgin  whom  tradition 
pointed  ont  as  the  deliverer  of  I'rance  from  the  hands  of  the  English.  She  aov^  ''t  out  the  young 
and  dis.sip«tcd  Dauphin,  got  his  consent  to  lend  an  amiy  to  the  rescue  of  Orleans  ••«<'  so  inspireil  her 
troops  that  the  Ivtiglish  were  forced  to  retire.  She  repeati-*!  such  victories  scNX-ral  times,  but  was 
finally  taken  prisoner  by  the  KnglLsli,  who  tried  her  as  a  heretic  and  sorcerer  under  llie  rules  of  the 
Inquisition,  and  sentenced  her  to  death.  She  was  burned  at  the  stake  in  the  streets  of  Rouen,  M"v 
J".  143I. 

"08 


THE  VISION  OF  JOAN  OF  ARC. — Joan,  born  at  Domremy  in  1409,  was  six  years  old  when  the 
English  king,  Henry  V.,  gained- his  great  victory  at  Agincourt,  in  which  the  flower  of  French  chivalry 
bit  the  dust.  The  good  fortune  of  the  invaders  was  continued  after  the  death  of  Henry  at  Vincennes, 
in  1442,  and  of  his  vassal,  Charles  VI.,  in  the  same  year  ;  and  in  1424,  after  the  victory,  of  the  English  at 
Verneuil  over  the  united  forces  of  Erance  and  Scotland,  the  condition  of  France  was  indeed  abject. 
The  woes  of  her  country  made  a  deep  impression  on  the  heart  of  the  young  shepherdess  Joan,  to  whom, 
«he  imagined,  celestial  visitants  appeared,  urging  her  to  take  sword  in  hand  and  rescue  France  from  th(» 
invader.  She  was  introduced  to  Charles  VII.,  and  in  1429  she  compelled  the  English  to  raise  the  siege 
of  Orleans,  the  first  of  a  series  of  victories  resulting  in  Charles  being  crowned  at  Rheims.  Tlie  next 
year  she  was  taken  prisoner,  and  in  1431  burned  as  a  witch  at  Rouen.  English  influence  still  decline<Jj, 
and  in  1436  Paris  was  recovered  after  having  been  held  by  the  invader  sixteen  years. 

:!09 


»» 


UENEKAL  VIKW  OF  MARSEILLES. 


LON«CHAnPS  PALACE,  HARSI  U  1  I  S. 

Marseilles  is  the  chief  port  on  the  Mediterranean  and  of  the  great  l.uu.innii  Republic.  Its  foreign  commerce  i» 
about  seventy-five  per  cent  of,  that  of  all  France.  Marseilles  is  imlebtcil  Kreatly  to  the  enterprise  of  its  inhabitants  for 
the  excellence  of  its  <locks  and  other  works  supplementary  to  its  natural  a<lvantnftes  as  a  port.  I^ngchamps  Palace 
was  finished  in  1870.  Its  centre  is  knovfn  as  the  Ch&tcau  d'Kau.  In  one  of  the  win^  is  a  picture  gallery  of  great 
value  ;  in  the  other  a  museum  of  natural  history.     There  is  a  Zoological  Garden  behind  the  palace. 

810 


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FESTIVAL  OF  ST.  ROCH,  AN  OLD  CUSTOM  IN  SOUTH  FRANCE. 


"Whom  did  you  see?    Speak,  child  I    Speali." 

Miss  Florence  as  Margaret  Reed  ;  Wm.  H.  Crane  as  Benjamin  Franklin  Lawlon  ;  Miss  O'Neill  as  Delphine  Carodelet. 
The  picture  ("Festival  of  St.  Roch")  is  after  Debat  Ponson.  It  depicts  the  celebration  of  the  day  of  St.  Roch 
in  some  parts  of  the  south  of  France.  On  August  i6,  the  farmers  bring  their  cattle  to  the  priest  that  he  may  bless 
them  and  thus  save  them  from  disease,  for  St.  Roch  is  the  saint  appealed  to  for  protection  from  pestilence.  The 
illustration  is  exquisite,  the  more  enjoyed  the  longer  it  is  studied.  A  pair  of  young  people  in  the  foreground  are 
seemingly  oblivious  to  the  religious  significance  of  the  occasion,  which  is  to  them  an  opportunity  of  love-making  they 
cannot  afford  to  disregard. — ^The  second  engra\'ing  represents  a  scene  in  Mr.  Paul  M.  Potter's  "The  American 
Minister,"  which  was  sufficiently  successful,  as  played  at  the  Star  Theatre,  New  York,  to  warrant  the  expectation  of 
better  work  from  its  author. 

213 


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LUTHER  MONUMENT,  DRESDEN,  QERMANY.— Dresden,  the  capital  of  Saxony,  is  sometimes  called  the 
"  German  Florence  "  on  account  of  its  pre-eminence  in  the  ownership  of  objects  of  art.  Perhaps  no  city  in  the  world 
has  a  larger  or  more  valuable  collection  of  paintings,  statuary,  gems,  arms,  porcelain,  jewels  and  similar  things  than 
Dresden,  which  is  accordingly  nmch  affected  by  artists  and  their  kind.  It  is  meet  that  Dresden  should  have  a  noble 
monument  to  one  of  the  most  gifted  and  great  of  Germans.  He  was,  moreover,  born  in  Saxony,  at  Eisleben,  where, 
also,  he  died  in  the  year  1546,  when  63  years  of  age.  Luther  was  buried  at  Wittenberg.  The  great  Protestant  had 
also  no  mean  claim  to  recognition  as  a  poet  and  a  musician. 

219 


QUTENBERO   HOUSE,  STRASBURd,  GERMANY — A  statue  of  Johann  Gutenberg  was  erected  in  1840  at 

StrnshiirK,  where  he  coiuhicteil  his  first  ex^)eriiiieiits  in  the  art  of  priiitini;  from  movable  type.  The  Gutenberg 
House  is  shown  in  the  illustration.  While  it  is  true  that  the  greatest  of  inventions  was  perfccte<i  by  Gutenberg  at 
Mayence,  he  did  much  ex})erimenting  at  Stra-sburg,  of  which  city  he  was  a  resident  from  1424  to  1440.  He  went  into 
business  with  two  partners  at  Mayence  in  1450,  but  withdrew  from  the  partnership  in  1455,  one  year  before  the 
production  of  a  copy  of  the  Bible,  the  ^rst  printed  book,  by  Fust  and  Schofer,  with  whom  he  had  been  associated. 
Thus  he  had  nft  part  in  the  first  work  jiroduceil  by  the  art  he  had  invented.  Strasburg,  it  will  be  remembered,  ia  tlw 
capital  of  Alsace  ami  German  Lorraine,  and  was  a  French  city  from  16H1  to  1U71. 


EMPEROR  WILLIAM  L,  MOLTKE  AND  BISMARCK  AT  THE  SIEGE  OF  PARIS. 


1  IIFj,  CONORnsS  OF  BERLIN,  1878. 

Readers  old  enough  will  call  to  mind  how  severe  was  the  winter  of  1870-71,  when  the  eyes  of  the  world  were 
upon  beleaguered  Paris  and  the  besieging  German  army.  Within  the  city,  cold  and  hunger  had  their  myriad  victims  : 
without,  gallant  men  from  across  the  Rhine  endured  hardness  as  good  soldiers,  many  of  them  sleeping  laid  on  tlie 
frozen  ground.  The  horrors  of  the  campaign  culminated  in  the  suppression  of  the  Commune. — The  most  celebrated 
statesmen  of  Europe  met  at  Berlin  in  1878,  after  the  conclusion  of  the  Russo-Turkish  War,  in  the  vain  attempt  to 
settle  the  Eastern  question,  which  is  still  open  and  a  constant  menace  to  the  peace  of  Europe.  Near  the  centre  of 
the  picture.  Prince  Bismarck  is  shaking  hands  withGeneral  Count  Schouvaloff,  of  Russia.  Beside  Bismarck  stands 
Count  Andrassy,  of  Austria.  On  the  left  of  the  illustration,  seated,  is  Prince  Gortchakoff,  of  Rus.sia,  with  his  hand  on 
the  right  arm  of  the  Earl  of  Beaconsfield,  of  England.  Standing  at  the  right  of  Gortchakoff  is  Count  Karolyi,  of 
Austria.     The  last  figure  on  the  right  is  the  Marquis  of  Salisbury. 

221 


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DRACHENBURQ,  A  MODERN  CASTLE  ON  THE  RHINE. 


THE  CASTLE  SONNECK,  ON  THE  RHINE. 

Byron's  description  of  the  Rhine,  as  seen  above  Cologne,  is  faithful  and  beautiful  : 

A  blending  of  all  beauties ;  streams  and  dells, 

Fruit,  foliage,  crag,  wood,  cornfield,  mountain,  vine, 
,  And  chiefless  castles  breathing  stern  farewells 

From  gray  but  leafy  walls,  where  Ruin  greenly  dwells. 
On  this  page  a  contrast  is  presented  by  the  modern  castle  Drachenburg  and  the  grim  ruins  of  Sonneck.  This  castle 
answers  fullj?  to  the  poet's  admirable  word-painting.  It  is  one  of  five  castles  in  ruins  seen  from  the  summit  of  the 
Schloss,  and  is  said  to  have  existed  in  its  present  condition  since  1282.  In  that  year  it  was  demolished  by  the  Emperol 
Rudolph,  of  Hapsburg,  as  it  was  a  robbers'  den.  The  lords  of  Sonneck  were  among  tlie  most  powerful  nobles  on  the 
•i)aiiks  of  the  Rhine. 


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DUCAL  PALACE,  BRUNSWICK,  GERMANY. 


THE  SCHLOSS  PLATZ  AT  STUTTGART,  GERMANY. 

Of  the  many  fine  buildings  in  Brunswick,  the  Ducal  I'alace  is  the  finest.  The  city  is  antique  in 
appearance,  many  of  its  houses  being  gabled  wooden  structures,  centuries  old.  Where  were  formerly 
grim  fortifications  are  now  lovely  walks.  The  museum  has  a  superb  collection  of  paintings. — 
Stuttgart,  the  capital  of  Wiirtemberg,  is  surrounded  by  gardens  and  vineyards,  and  is  entered  by  an 
avenue  of  poplars.  It  is  one  of  the  hand.somest  of  German  cities,  and  is  prosperous  on  account  of  its- 
manufactures  and  industries.  The  people  have  access  to  a  public  library  containing  nearly  half  a 
million  volumes,  and  Stuttgart  is  otherwise  rich  in  the  possession  of  means  of  education  and  of  culti- 
vating the  fine  arts.  Cannstadt,  a  favo'^te  watering-place  i's  near  this  beautiful  city,  which  is  visiter 
by  manv  Americans. 


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Bird's-eye  View  of  Honolulu  on  the  Day  of  Revolution.    U.  5.  Troops  in  Pos»e».<ion  of  the  Field. 

It  was  a  proud  day  for  the  friends  of  republican  government  when  they  beheld  the  stars  and  stripes  floating  over 
the  government  buildings  at  Honolulu,  on  the  day  of  the  revolution,  ami  tho  birxl's-ej-e  view  of  the  city,  with  the  U.  S. 
troops  in  possession,  was  a  sight  no  less  inspiring  to  the  American  inanl)itants. 

•-•3tl 


JULES  STEWART'S  "  SPRINQTIHE  IN  VENICE." 


HAWAIIAN  FEAST. 

Jules  Stewart's  painting  was  exhibited  at  the  Parisian  Salon  of  1892,  when  a  critic  said  of  it :  "We  have  had  many 
Venices  before,  but  in  Mr.  Stewart's  '  Springtime  in  Venice,'  we  have  not  only  a  glimpse  of  the  Bride  of  the  Adriatic, 
but  the  picture  is  bursting  with  spring.  It  is  painted,  too,  with  true  art  and  with  admirable  light." — Some  calabashe3 
used  in  a  Hawaiian  feast  are  filled  with  poi  and  others  with  another  kind  of  pastry-looking  substance,  consisting  of 
cocoanut  and  sweet  potato.  Crabs,  boiled  sweet  potatoes,  baked  taro  and  breadfruit,  raw  fi,sh,  live  shrimps,  the  snake- 
like squids,  moderate  sized  bundles  tied  with  ti  leaves,  and  small  piles  of  ground  kukiii  nuts  and  chopped  onions  are 
other  things  in  the  fare  provided.  A  roasted  pig  graces  one  end  of  the  table,  and  mangoes,  tamarinds,  bananas,  oranges, 
and  ohclos  are  spread  along  the  counter.  There  are  plates  for  all  sometimes,  but  not  a  knife  or  fork  to  be  seen.  The 
mysterious-looking  bundles  are  untied  and  justice  done  the  contents  of  mullet  or  chicken,  cooked  underground,  in  ti 
leaves,  and  having  all  juices  and  flavors  preserved. 

2.'?7 


AMSTERDAH   GATE,    HAARLEn,    HOLLAND.— Hnarleni,    its  iiatne   transplanted   to  tlic   New  World  and 

sweetly  familiar  to  a  host  of  peoi)lf  in  Ni^w  York  City,  it  is  a  fine  old  town  fourteen  miles  west  of  Ainsterdiini.  The  story 
of  the  siege  of  Haarlem  and  its  heroic  defence  is  one  of  vhe  most  thrilling  in  history.  When,  in  1572,  William  of  Orange 
iieaded  a  general  insurrection  against  the  Spaniards,  liaarieni  was  besieged  by  the  Uuke  of  Alva,  who  took  it  in  the 
following  year.  Its  garriaon  of  only  four  thousand  men  was  augmented  for  the  defence  by  all  citizens  capable  of  fighting 
and  by  three  thousand  women.  A.ssaults  by  the  besiegers  were  repelled  >»-ith  the  loss  of  ten  thousand  men  to  the 
Spaniards,  who,procee<led- to  blockade  the  place.  The  I>utch  having  eaten  everythiiiK  eatable  within  the  walls,  were 
preparing  to  cut  their  way  oul  when  tlie  Spaniards  proposed  the  surrender  of  the  town  and  fifty-seven  of  its  citizens. 
Three  days  after  the  acceptance  of  these  conditions  the  Duke  of  Alva  and  l-ertiinand  of  Toledo  Iiogan  the  perpetration  of 
a  bloody  revenge  on  the  defenceless  people,  killing  the  fifty-seven  to  begin  with  and  butchering  two  thousand  othen. 


SLAUGHTER  OF  THE  TEN  THOUSAND,  HOLLAND.— A  Nederland  scene  horrible  in  all  its  details,  yet  one 
not  infrequent  during  the  terrible  days  of  the  Inquisition.  When  Philip  II.  of  Spain  assumed  the  Nederland  crown,  he 
introduced  all  the  barbarities  of  the  Spanish  Inquisition.  The  whole  lowland  population  of  three  million  souls  were 
placed  under  the  ban,  and  to  the  horrors  of  the  stake  were  added  those  of  the  scenes  before  you,  to-wit,  the  throwing 
of  thousands  over  a  precipice  and  the  final  disposition  of  the  maimed  by  means  of  the  sword.  Happily  the  spirit  of  the 
-  Reformation  came  on,  which  put  an  end  to  inquisitorial  f  radices. 


23y 


THE  PALACE  AT  AMSTERDAH, HOLLAND. 


OLD  WINDMILL  AT  HAARLEM,  HOLLAND. 

The  late  Kiii>{  William  of  the  Nelhcrlaiids  (lii<l  on  NoveiiilK-r  23,  iSvSg,  ami  with  his  death  the  male  line  of  the 
house  of  Nassau-Orange  became  extinct.  He  was  siiccee<led  by  Uilhehiiina,  his  daughter  by  his  second  wife  who 
was  bom  at  the  Hague,  August  31,  iNSo.  She  will  not  reach  her  nmjority  until  189S  Meanwhile  the  excculix-e  of 
the  little  kingdom  is  filled  ably  and  acceptably  by  her  mother,  who  was  the  Princess  limma  of  \Valdeck-r\-nnont, 
-when,  in  Jwiuu'v.  1879,  at  the  ajj,  -if  twenty,  ."he  became  the  wife  of  William.— The  old  windmill  needs  no  description. 

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GREAT  QATE,  MADURA  TEMPLE,  INDIA The  Ti-itiplo,  with  its  nvraiiiidal  t<«vtrs  is  the  glory  of  Madura 

and  ii  woiidor  of  Hindu  architocturc,  Tiruniala  {i6?5-59i  was  Hint  one  of  the  Nayak  rulers  who  took  tlie  leading  part 
in  the  erection  of  this  wonderful  structure,  de<licate<i  to  Sun<lareswara,  l>ettcr  rc'ineuilx-rcd  as  Siva,  tlie  thin!  of  the 
gcKls  constituting  the  Hindu  Tri.id,  and  who  rei)resents  the  character  of  Ijoth  destroj-er  and  repro<lucer.  The  Triad  it 
thought  of  as  an  inseparable  nnitv,  and  is  representetl  in  statues  by  a  figure  having  one  Ixxlv  and  three  heads,  Rrahtnan 
in  the  middle  ;  at  his  rii'hl  Vishnii,  and  at  his  left  Siva.     The  hall  of  the  Temple,  which  had  997  pillars,  is  now  in  niina. 


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SERINQHAM  PAUOUA,  INDIA.— The  superb  structure  here  so  artistically  reproduced  is  one  of  the  largest, 
costliest  and  most  magnificent  of  the  temples  of  India.  The  style  of  architecture  is  not  only  Oriental,  but  it  is  peculiar 
to  buildings  dedicated  to  Buddhic  worship.  The  principle  is  that  of  a  series  of  receding  stories,  not  often  exceeding 
nine  in  number.  Throughout  all  India,  as  far  as  to  Siam,  the  facades  of  these  stories  and  the  angles  they  make  with 
one  another,  are  highly  ornamented  with  reliefs  more  or  less  fantastic,  shells  and  costly  stones.  Their  profusion  is 
simply  bewildering,  and  their  effect  under  the  sunshine  is  most  striking. 

i47 


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8 


PALACE  OF  THE  POPES  AT  AVIGNON,  FRANCE. 


THE  PANTHEON  AT  ROME,  ITALY. 

The  reader  will  find  in  another  place  a  paragraph  epitomizing  that  important  chapter  in  modern  history  relating 
io  the  period  when  the  Papal  court  was  at  Avignon.     Suffice  it  to  add,  that  in  the  palace  of  the  illustration  at  that  lime 

f;aiety  surpassed  itself,  and  the  good  things  of  this  life  were  enjoyed  to  a  degree  unsurpassed  in  an  age  of  great 
uxury. — The  Pantheon,  a  relic  of  ancient  Rome  dedicated  to  the  worship  of  all  the  gods  in  its  original  use,  is  introduced 
aptly  as  the  second  picture  on  this  page,  because  it  was  there  that  in  1891  an  outbreak  began  which,  it  was  thought, 
tnight  have  resulted  in  the  Pope's  leaving  Rome  for  Avignon  or  some  other  city  as  his  permanent  residence. 

263 


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13 


A  CANAL  IN  VENICE.— Wriiing  of  Venice  Byron  described  her  as  having  looked  like  "  a  ruler  of  the  waters 
and  their  powers, ' '  when  ' '  her  daughters  had  their  dowers 

From  spoils  of  nations,  and  the  exhaustless  East 
Poured  in  her  lap  all  gems  in  sparkling  showers." 
This  splendor  was  succeeded,  in  her  political  extinction,  by  a  fittmg  aspect  of  desolation  : 

"  And  silent  rows  the  songless  gondolier  ; 
Her  palaces  are  crumbling  to  the  shore." 
Horatio  V   Brown,  in  his  historical  sketch  of  the  republic  of  Venice,  remarks  that  "No  state,  except  Athens,  has  ever 
presented  at  the  very  core  of  her  life,  the  idea  of  herself  with  such  sumptuous  personification  in  art." 

269 


HOME  OF  DESDEMONA. — This  magnificent  portraiture  introduces  you  to  Venice,  Queen  of  the  Adriatic  Sea, 
and  Italy's  pride,  whose  streets  are  water,  whose  majestic  buildings  stand  on  piles.  The  beauty  and  value  of  the  scene 
are  enhanced  by  its  central  feature,  the  "Home  of  Desdemona,"  which  rises  as  if  from  the  water  and  presents  in 
perfect  form  the  leading  characteristics  of  early  Venetian  architecture — facade  of  rich  marble  in  colors,  highly  sculptured 
porticoes,  lavishly  traced  windows  and  ornamental  cornices.  From  its  front  Othello's  faithful  gondolier  spiritecf  away 
at  midnight  the  beautiful  Desdemona  and  carried  her  to  the  arms  of  her  dusky  lover.  At  its  doors  the  jealous 
Roderigo  and  treacherous  lago  beat  their  alarm  and  shrieked  their  warning,  till  the  startled  Brabantio  was  aroused  from 
his  slumbers  to  find  their  story  of  the  elopement  all  too  true. 

271 


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HOUSE  OF  DANTE,  FLORENCE,  ITALY. — The  narrow  and  small  doorway,  shown  in  its  entirety  in  the  picture, 
■was  thill  used  by  the  author  of  tlie  Divine  Coniedy,  one  of  the  greatest  productions  of  the  world.  U  was  the  entrance 
to  the  house  in  which  he  was  born  in  the  year  1265.  What  is  known  as  the  house  of  Dante,  and  a  portion  of  which  was 
8taiidin>r  in  his  day,  at  the  time  of  his  birth  was  situated  between  the  two  central  parts  of  the  city,  the  one  the  public 
s<iuare  surrounding  the  Palazzo  Vecchio.  where  public  business  was  transacted,  an<l  the  other  the  scjuare  on  which  now 
rises  the  Cathedral.  The  tourist  readily  finds  the  place  where  the  family  of  Alighieri,  of  which  Oaute  is  the  immortal 
representative,  flourished  in  meditcval  limes. 

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"THE   DANCBR,"    BY   CANOVA Though    Cano\-a  was    Italian    J)oni   and   e<lucaU-<l   in   Venice,   his  works 

Ornnnient  Rome,  Naples,  Paris,  London,  and  the  chief  art  centres  of  Hun>j)e.  His  princijial  works  are,  however,  at 
Venice  and  Rome.  lie  was  born  1757,  and  die<l  1821.  He  regarde*!  the  nuxlcni  art  of  statuary  as  defective  in  that  it 
did  not  represent  nature.  He  gave  great  study  to  the  physical  frame,  to  niu.>icle,  posture  ami  projxirtion,  and  he 
became  the  father  of  a  new  school  of  statuary,  with  a  renown  that  eclijised  the  old  nia,slers.  His  statue  of  "The 
Dancer,"  and  his  group  of  the  "Dancing  Nymphs,"  are  regarded  &8  hia  bes*  Qbrts,  and  among  tlie  most  perfect 
q)ecimens  of  art. 

284 


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PEASANT  QIRLS  AND  HUNTSMAN.  ITALY.-Our  picture  has  verv  noticeable  merits  «,  «  work  of  art  and 
.  most  attractive  hu....in  .nteresl.  The  hunt.sn.a.,  desires  a  prettv  con.jMnion  tr^wre  his  "^tt  the  w^  and 
countenance  of  the  rtI  tell  the  story  of  her  pleascl  but  cov  ^.-illinRness  to  gmtifv  Ws  wish  Giriish  a^JS 
uatured  interest  in  the  proceedings  below  is  evJ.lencc-.!  by  the"  homelier-looking  figure  on  Tht  ladder  ThouefSTe 
may  eel  a  taste  of  disappointn.cnt  in  not  Ix^ing  the  huntsnian-s  preference.  sRe  IVu  on  t he  ku owTediJof  a  thtrf 
party's  unwe  com  -ncos  utid;.-r  the  circumstancL-s.  As  to  the  dog,  l.e  is  engaged  in  ci>iriUt^ons  of  his  own  .nd  «^2 
animal  as  he  is,  takes  no  interest  in  what  is  going  on  quitp  near  him.  """K'K^  '"  ci^uuons  ot  bis  own  and,  wise 

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A  PRISON  IN  THE  SUBURBS  OP  PALERHO.  ITALY Crime  in  Italy  is  said  to  be  larvely  the  result  of 

obedience  to  secret  orgaiiizjitions.  Of  these  Naples  has  tlie  Cnniorra,  Sicily  the  Mafia.  Thev  aid  not  Ro  ont  of 
existence  with  happier  jwlitical  conditions,  hut  arc  Iwlieved  to  he  still  flonrishinn.  and  proof  is  not  wanting  that 
the  Mafia  has  V)ranchcs  in  this  country.  Italian  wilincss  is  apt  to  Iw;  more  than  equal  to  the  curiosity  of  the 
American  public,  and  the  statement  that  the  Mafia  is  an  organizetl  menace  to  proitertv  and  life  in  the  centres 
■where  Italians  are  congregated  in  large  numbers  is  received  with  an  incredulous  smile.  1  here  unquestionably  are 
vast  robber  bands  in  Sicily,  known  uiuler  the  name  Mafia.  They  are  pcrhajjs  most  aptly  dcscriWd  as  the  aggrecatioa 
of  all  the  criminal  classes  on  the  island,  and  they  have  confidential  relations  with  the  official  class.  The  robber  oc 
assa.ssin  may  be  lodged  in  jail,  but  the  chances  are  again.st  his  being  tliere  long. 

2ii0 


EMBARKATION  OF  ANTONY  AND  CLEOPATRA    ITAl  v      Tt,;o  i,- *    • 

foZ;„  1^  \  ?  ,f  was  then  in  Cihcia.  Cleopatra  crossed  the  Mediterranean  and  sailed  up  the  Cydaus  in  a 
^hZtll"^^  U^'^l^r"'""  '"  ""''  '""^  ^"^^'^'^^^  splendor  which  Eastern  magnificence  could  bring  to  the  aid 
^L^m  t^  Tf         .""v.'-  1°"^  ''^  ""'^'^  ''"'^^""^  ^^'  infatuated  slave,  and  embarked  with  her  for  Eevit   the:V  c 

complete  a  historv  ot  shame  which  ended  in  the  disastrous  defeat  of  their  ambitions  and  in  the  suicide  of  boYh^  klracL^ 


a  n  o  9 
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PAQODA  AT  TESAKA,  JAPAN.— The  p.itfrxla  of  Japan  is  no  less  a  sncrt-d  building,  devoted  to  Kuddhic  \»x>rshij>, 
than  in  India,  the  hirlhphice  of  Knddhisin.  Kut  it  is  a  far  more  symmetrical  structure.  The  stories  are  no  longer  a  set 
of  steps  ornaniciiteil  with  fantastic  rchefs  and  I)c<li7.ene<l  with  jewels,  hut  a  scries  of  natural  rises,  each  gi\nng  forth  • 
canopied  expanse  with  ornamental  eiljjes.  The  roofs  of  these  canopies  are  of  bamUio,  sprung  so  as  to  produce  a  lent 
effect.  The  top  of  the  pag(«la  runs  into  an  ornamental  finial,  which  affonlsan  effective  finish.  The  entire  architecturtd 
effect  is  that  of  lightnes.H,  cheerfulness  and  syniiuetn'.    The  pagoda  before  you  is  reganled  as  one  of  the  finest  in  Japan. 

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"5  II  Ji  «l 


SCENE  ON  THE  SUMEDA  RIVER,  JAPAN. 


FUSIVAHA,  JAPAN'S  SACRED  MOUNTAIN. 

Japan  is  charming,  not  to  say  fnsiiiiatiiiR.  Its  Knipcror,  or  Kotci,  as  his  rountrv  people  sav,  is  descend^  from  the 
Emperor  Jinimu,  who  began  to  reign  in  660  B.  C.  T  was  on  I  v  as  it  were  vcstcrdav,  in  i87i,thal  the  feudal  s\-stem 
was  abolished  in  a  country  which  now  iKMists  free  political  institutions,  en  aftnv  and'navv,  great  libraries,  uni\-ci^ties, 
educational  facilities,  modes  of  business  ati<l  what  not,  after  the  best  American  and  Euro|>ean  standards.  But  there 
are  (li (Terences,  in  religion  for  example.  vShintoism  is  the  dominant  faith  in  JajMn— with  alwut  194,000  temples; 
Hud<llusm  conies  next  with  72,000  temples.  .Stale  or  Ux^al  authorities  maintain  the  principal  Shinto  temples.  Any 
religion  may  be  foll<)we<l  in  Ja]Miii  with  absolute  free<loni,  if  it  1h?  not  pre<ludicial  to  peace  and  onler.  The  people  are 
restless  in  iiiind.  Undivided  Christendoiii  would  have  a  great  opportunity  in  Japan,  and  the  gain  of  denominationalism 
IS  quite  con.siderable.  Kusiyaina  appears  on  millions  of  fans  .sold  in  the  I'nitcd  States,  and  is  the  most  licpictured 
mouutaiu  in  the  world.     It  is  extinct  as  a  volcano.     The  Jajxinese  arc  enterprising  in  navigation  and  trade. 

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CATHEDRAL  AT  CHIHUAHUA,  MEXICO The  city  of  Chihuahua  is  situatc<l  at  an  elevation  of  4690  feet,  and 

has  a  salul)rious  climate.  Its  environs  are  productive  of  fruit,  ve>;etat)les  and  the  cereals,  and  tlie  State  of  the  aune 
name,  of  which  it  is  the  canital,  is  a  fine  Krazin^  country.  Chihuahua  was  founde<l  ahout  two  centuries  ago  by 
auveniurers  uiieiit  upon  deveiopinjj  the  silver  mines  in  the  neighI)orlioo*l.  Its  chief  ornament  is  the  parish  church, 
generally  called  the  cathedral,  which  has  an  imjxjsing  exterior  and  cost  |S<x(,ooo  to  build.  Fifteen  miles  from 
Chihuahua  are  the  silver  mines  of  Santa  Eulalia,  the  prtxluct  of  which  was  taxed  in  onler  to  raise  money  for  the 
erection  of  the  cathedral. 

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THE  SYNAQOQUE  AT  TETUAN. 


JEWISH  CEMETERY  AT  TETUAN. 


On  the  foregoing  page  are  notes  of  Tetuan,  which  is  situated  forty-five  miles  from  Tangier,  Morocco, 
over  a  road  distinguished  for  its  badness  even  in  the  Orient,  where  roads  are  perhaps  as  bad  as  they  are 
in  the  United  States.  Much  of  the  luxury  in  which  the  Jews  of  that  little  city  live  is  seen  in  the  appoint- 
ments of  their  place  of  worship. — The  second  picture  best  tells  it  own  story  of  the  white-washed  ciyy 
sheltering  under  mountains,  and  the  place  of  the  dead  outside  its  walls.  White-mantled  figures  present  in 
the  graveyard,  or  leaving  it,  renew  every  good  man's  admiration  of  the  love  of  woman. 

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YOUNG  QIRL  IN  HOLIU.W  A  I  UKL,  HOLY  LAND.— A  very  pleasing  picture  of  female  loveliness.  The 
inevitable  yoke  of  custom  in  the  Orient  does  not  yet  oppress  her  vi-ith  its  full  weight.  Within  a  few  years  she  \yill 
never  appear  in  public  places  without  a  veil,  and  her  outdoor  dress  will  be  supplemented  with  a  flowing  robe  reaching 
from  the  shoulders  to  the  feet.  She  belongs  to  a  family  possessing  means  ;  going  to  the  well  for  water  does  not  suggest 
poverty  to  any  one  acquainted  with  Eastern  customs.  Although  she  belongs  to  the  sex  which  is  inferior  and  degraded 
in  Oriental  contemplation,  the  feminine  love  of  finery  asserts  itself  Arab  women  are  extravagantly  fond  of  ornaments. 
The  variety  of  chains,  bracelets,  anklets,  necklaces  and  rings  which  they  wear  is  endless.  Note  the  headdress  of  coins 
worn  by  this  sweet  young  girl  and  the  many  coins  depending  from  her  neck  and  worn  on  her  arm.  In  the  Holy  l,and 
married  women  use  jewelry  more  extravagantly  than  the  unmarried,  but  our  girl  is  in  holiday  attire. 

315 


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PALM  QR()\  li  IN  SI.   IHOMAS,  \\  EST  INDIES. 


MOUSE  OF  THE  ROMANOFF  CZARS,  MOSCOW,  RUSSIA. 


the  I^e7c?"p?opre     ^It  1  e^  r  Z  in    he  tmol^'r  °'  '^*-  ^"''TP'  °"^  "^  '""^  ^^^'^^  ^""^^  ^^'-d^-  of  great  interest  to 
harbor  and  couYd  be  made  tpre^^U  V    In  'st,   KW^^^^  ??"  the  United  States  to  South' Amfrica.  has  a  fine 

the  United  States.     The  treaty  was  ^ned  hff^n^a^  ^l^HiZ  f^'  S    ^f'^^fk.  ceded  St.  Thomas  and  St.  John  to 
dynasty  of  R«r.-,.-«flr....f,„/,,ed  in  1613  by  ViXe7hl    a  lad  of  Lt'e^^  ^'^J""™"^  ^:"^°"t  ^=t'"«  upon  it.-The 

32a 


QENEKAL  VIEW  OF  MOSCOW  FROM  THE  KREMLIN.— Moscow,  \-iewed  from  the 
Kremlin,  is  one  of  tlie  most  singular  and  imposing  cities  in  the  world.  It  was  founde<l  in  1 147, 
is  of  circular  fonn,  and  has  an  area  of  about  forty  square  miles.  The  outer  quarters  of  the  city  he 
around  the  nucleus  of  a  prominence  in  the  centre,  and  increase  in  magnitude  according  as  they 
diverge  from  it.  The  river  Moskva,  which  has  a  very  tortuoiw  course  through  the  city,  is  crossed 
by  numerous  bridges,  principally  of  wood. 


KkL.'lLIN,  LARQE  PALACl;.  The  Kremlin,  or  citadel  of  Moscow,  occupies  a  prominent 
position  in  the  central  part  of  that  city.  It  has  been  completely  restore*!  aufi  cn!arged  since  the 
destruction  of  Moscow  in  1812,  when  invailed  by  Napoleon.  The  Kremlin  is  considered  an 
impregnable  fortress  and  comprises  within  its  limits  the  Imperial  Talace,  the  Cathedral  of  the 
Assumption,  in  which  the  Russian  sovereigns  are  crowned  ;  the  churches  of  St  Michael  and  the 
Annunciation,  and  Pakrowskoi,  constructed  of  twenty  churches  joined  together 


GENERAL  VIEW  OF  MOSCOW  FROM  THE  REKiO  BRIDGE.-Aiuong  the  numerous  bridges 
over  the  river  Moskva,  which  ruus  through  Moscow,  is  the  Rekio,  from  which  an  attractive  view  of  that 
city  is  offered.  From  this  point  can  be  seen  the  principal  public  and  educational  institutions,  scientific 
societies  and  the  great  University,  founded  in  1755,  by  Peter  the  Great.  The  great  palace  of  the 
•emperors,  erected  in  1849,  is  a  fine  building  in  white  stone  with  a  gilded  cupola,  and  is  clearly  visible 
irom  this  point  also. 


ST.  ISAAC'S  CATHEDRAL — This  is  one  of  the  most  prominent  church  edifices  in  St. 
Petersburg,  the  Capital  of  Russia.  It  occupies  a  position  near  the  memorial  erected  to  Peter  I.  in 
1782,  and  also  near  the  memorial  erected  to  Nicholas  I.  Its  general  aspect  is  imposing,  both  without 
and  within.  It  was  built  between  1818  and  1825,  under  the  personal  direction  of  Nicholas  I.,  but  does 
not  correspon<l  vrith  the  efforts  put  forth  in  its  decorations  by  the  best  Russian  artists.  The  pictures 
of  Briiloff,  Bruni  and  many  others,  v'hirh  rover  its  walls,  are  said  to  be  deteriorating  rapidly. 


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HIGHLAND  MARY'S  QRAVE,  SCOTLAND.  This  iiiaKtiificpiit  piece  of  art  is  a  tribute  to  the 
memory  of  the  one  whom  Robert  lUiriis  immortalizoil  in  his  exquisite  jioem  of  "  Highland  Mary." 
It  was  erected  l>y  her  Ayrshire  admirers,  and  its  presence  contributes  to  tlic  number  of  monuments 
which  make  the' vicinity  of  Ayr  teem  with  recollections  of  the  sweet  jKX-t  of  Ayrshire.  Amon>»  these 
are  the  old  Alloway  Kirk  where  the  youthful  "  Hobby  "  worshipjjol,  and  the  ruins  of  Montgomerie 
Castle,  amid  whicli  he  lirst  met  his  "  Mary."  The  sculptures  on  the  monument  tell  the  story  of  the 
"farewell,"  and  of  the  broken-hearted  Mary  after  the  sad  words  were  spoken. 

340 


BALHORAL  CASTLE,  QUEEN  VICTORIA'S  FAVORITE  RESIDENCE. 


OSBORN  HOUSE,  QUEEN  VICTORIA'S  SEASIDE  VILLA. 

Queen  Victoria  delights  the  most  in  her  Scottish  home,  Balmoral  Castle,  in  the  Highlands.  As  palaces  go  it  is 
neither  spacious  nor  splendid,  and  the  Queen's  preference  for  it  is  not  shared  by  her  attendants.  A  witty  lady  of  title 
says  on  this  subject,  "  Long  drives  in  the  cold  and  dark,  and  occasional  tea  picnics  in  the  snow,  are  not  appreciated  by 
everybody."  Her  Majesty  enjoys  the  open  air,  taking  her  breakfa.st  out  of  doors  whenever  possible.  Her  good  health 
at  an  advanced  age — she  was  born  in  1819 — is  the  best  evidence  of  her  good  judgment  in  this  matter.  When  in  the 
country,  either  in  Scotland  or  at  her  villa,  Osborn  House,  Isle  of  Wight,  the  Queen  makes  good  friends  of  the  neigh- 
boring poor,  visiting  them  at  their  homes  and  reading  the  Bible  to  the  old  and  infinn.  She  pays  all  doctors'  bills 
incurred  on  her  estate  at  Osborn.  The  good  old  lady  who  presides  over  British  affairs  is  happiest  remote  from  pomp 
and  splendor,  living  simply  in  the  quiet  country. 

343 


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QRINDINQ  CORN  IN  SKYE — Tlie  islnnd  of  Skye  t>-pes  the  entire  Hebrides  RTOup.  It  is 
sepnniled  from  Ihu  main  land  of  north  Scotland  by  a  loch  one-third  of  n  mile  in  width.  All  of  the 
Hebrides  ({roup  are  picturcstinc,  but  in  nothinj;  so  interostiuK  as  the  character  of  their  inhabitants  and 
tlieir  primitive  means  of  finding;  a  living.  This  handsome  illustration  shows  their  method  of  grinding; 
corn.  It  is  the  inetlio<l  of  a  remote  antiquity.  The  stone  mortar  is  there,  such  as  Abraham  might 
have  used.  The  pestle  is  there,  a  slight  improvement  on  that  of  the  ancient.s,  in  that  it  admits  of  tlie 
rotary  rather  than  the  pounding  motion.  Women  do  the  work.  In  tlie  Imckground  is  the  family 
crofl.  or  hut,  a  home,  tlian  which  nothing  can  be  more  modest,  yet  one  which  shelters  as  spirited  a 
people  as  any  in  the  world. 

318 


i2  Tt    fii  *^  *r1 


IHb  TRAVELER  S  PALM.- 1  his  remarkable  tree,  known  as  the  Traveler's  Palm,  and  found  in  Ma.l.,i;  .s^-.ir, 
IS  one  of  the  noblest  of  the  genus  Ravenda.  It  is  familiarly  called  by  those  who  have  nia<le  a  tour  of  the  Iii.lu-  tlio 
Travelers  free,  probably  on  account  of  the  shelter  it  affonls  them  from  the  heat  of  that  climate,  because  the  water 
which  IS  stored  up  in  the  large  cup-like  sheaths  of  the  leaf-stalks  is  sought  bv  travelers  to  allay  their  thirst,  and  because 
the  very  large,  broad,  oblong  leaves  can  be  uUlizcd  by  the  naUves  to  thatch  Uieir  huU  and  afford  them  protecUon  from 


3.)0 


THE  ALHAHBRA,  SPAIN  :  IHH  COLR  1  Ol-  LIONS.— Mediaeval  Moorish  art  found  its  highest  expression 
in  the  Alhambra,  the  celebrated  palace  which,  with  surrounding  towers,  fortresses  and  gardens,  crowns  a  hill 
overlooking  the  city  of  Granada.  In  ascending  the  hill  to  the  palace  the  visitor  is  regaled  with  the  songs  of 
nightingales  mingled  with  the  soft  voices  of  running  streams  and  fountains.  That  apartment  of  the  beautiful 
palace  known  as  the  Court  of  Lions  is  132  feet  by  74  feet  in  dimensions.  It  is  surrounded  by  a  gallery  which  is 
supported  by  120  pillars  of  white  marble,  the  capital  of  each  one  having  its  own  design  in  nearly  every  case. 
Originally  these  pillars  were  covered  with  gold.  The  walls  they  support  are  open  fretwork,  presenting  most 
beautiful  carving  in  ivory-like  marble.  In  the  centre  of  the  court  is  the  marble  fountain,  supported  by  the  twelve 
lions  which  give  name  to  the  apartment.  The  lions  are  inferior  as  specimens  of  sculptured  work,  accounted 
for  by  the  Mohammedan  prohibition  of  image-making.  While  the  lace-like  delicate  fretwork  in  the  Court  of  Lions 
is  perfection  itself,  the  lionl.  are  unjust  to  the  king  of  beasts. 

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THE  GLACIER  OF  BOSSONS,  SWITZERLAND.-Tl.e  glacier  of  nossons  nt  Cliamouiii  is  rcgard«l  as  Uk-  most 
es<iiic  uiul  ititcR-sting  of  nil  the  Alpine  Klacicni.     Its  surface  is  hroktii  into  prismatic  masses  which  the  sun  and  rain 


Mont  Blanc  district,  and  the  views  are  remarkable  for  their  massive  sublimity. 


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STREET  IN  ANDERMATT,  SWITZERLAND.— Hcrt  is  a  bit  of  quaint 
builiiiiiK,  a  village  street  in  the  most  picturesque  of  countries,  nearly  five  tliou- 
saiul  fi-'et  above  the  level  of  the  sea.  Andcrniatt  has  a  population  of  alxjut 
seven  hundred  people,  who  enjoy  a  well-earned  reputation  for  the  pro<luction 
of  honey  and  cheese.  The  mineralogist  will  find  sjx^cimens  offereti  for  sale, 
collected  from  the  neighboring  mountains.  St.  ColunilMinus  church  is  a  .sight 
worth  seeing,  and  twenty  minutes'  walk  from  the  village  is  the  celebrated  old 
bridge,  seventy  feet  above  the  roaring-torrent  river  Reus,s.  here  pent  l)etween 
banks  so  smooth  and  precipitous  that  the  wonder  grows  how,  early  in  the 
twelfth  century,  so  effective  a  piece  of  engineering  as  spanning  it  coulil  have 
been  inaURge<l.  I'lider  the  oul  is  another  bridge,  finishetl  in  1830.  Cattle  mi.v 
ing  is  ])rosecuted  successfully  by  the  country  people  about  Andennatt,  many  of 
whom  are  carriers,  making  a  living  by  this,  iu  Switzerland,  hazardous 
occupation. 


362 


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MOM    1.1  ANC  OBSERVATORY.     Passajje  Under  the  Grand  fluiete. 


nONT  BLANC  OBSERVATORY.     Ascension  of  Mont  Blanc  Toward  the  Junction  of  the  iiranu  Mulcts. 

There  is  to  l>e  nil  ohscrvntory  on  Mont  Blnnc  at  an  iiltitiidc  of  is.TSofcet  nlmve  the  level  of  the  son.  This  has 
been  re»olvc<l  (ijxm  by  men  of  stiinly  resolution  who  have  a.stertained  liow  the  thinR  can  Ik-  done  ajid  are  ent^veil  in 
it.s  iH>rroriniuice.  At  their  head  is  l>rofes.sor  Jan.<wen,  of  Paris,  to  whom  .succesR  will  mean  an  immortal  name  in 
History.  The  buildinjf  will  be  plnce«l  on  the  thick  cnist  of  ice  IvinK  uptm  the  rock  which  is  belie\-nl  to  form  the 
sumniit  of  the  mountnui,  but  which  wa.s  not  reached  after  prolonge*!  and  atxluous  experiment. 

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TERRITET  RAILWAY,  MONTREUX,  SWITZERLAND.— Tins  .iamig  piece  ol  modem  raiU-ay  ciiKinecring  i» 
located  :il  Monlrcux,  Swil/.erlatid,  at  llio  end  of  piclurewiue  l.nke  Leinnti.  It  starts  at  Territet,  one  of  the  Montreux 
villages  on  the  sliores  of  the  lake,  and  rises  by  seemingly  alii^ost  impossible  gradients,  a  distance  of  750  yards,  to  the 
station  at  tUion,  from  which  elevation  the  lake  can  In;  overlookeil,  anil  many  magnificent  Alpine  views  can  be  had.  The 
road  is  a  cable  tramway,  substantially  constructeil  and  amply  fortified  against  danger.  It  is  a  popular  means  of  ascent 
■with  tourists,  and  is  a  source  of  great  profit  to  its  projectors  duriug  the  touring  seasons. 


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CHURCH  INTERIOR,  HOSPENTHAL,  SWITZERLAND.  —  Hospenthal  was  once  the  seat  of  an  Alpine 
"Hospice.';  But  now  the  "Hospice"  for  the  St.  Gothard  pass  is  higher  up  the  mountain.  It  dates  back  a  thousand 
years,  and  is  monastery,  liospital  and  inn,  for  travelers  overcome  by  cold.  The  monastery,  or  chapel  portion,  has  been 
very  highly  decorated  by  the  Augustinian  monks  iu  charge,  as  shown  in  the  above  view. 

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VIEW  OF  THE  BOSPHORUS. 


GATEWAY  OF  THE  SULTAN'S  PALACb,  CO.Nil  AM  INOI'Lb. 

Tlie  beautv  of  the  Bosphonis  is  misurpasswl.  Tliis  ci-lebrated  holy  of  water  winds  for  a  distance 
of  nineteen  miles,  separating  Europe  from  Asia,  an(i  varying  in  width  from  810  yanls  to  two  and  a 
fifth  miles.  The  graceful  slopes  of  its  hanks  present  everywhere  an  aspect  of  pleasant  green,  and 
the  "unspeakable  Turk,"  whose  goml  (lualities  are  too  fre<|uentlv  unrememl)eretl,  appears  to- 
advantage  in  the  array  of  palaces,  pretty  villas  and  sightl  v  villages  which  deck  these  verdurous  hills. 
I'la.shiiig  in  the  hriglit  .sunshine,  numerous  rivulets  make  mu.sical  progress  to  the  blue  waters  of 
the  HosphoriLS. — In  a  large  p;irk  surrounded  by  lofty  walls,  the  l)eautics  of  the  Sultan's  Palace  at 
Constantinople  are  not  m.ide  common  by  familiar  ac<juaintaiice  on  the  jmrt  of  the  people  Hi» 
majesty  is  unapproachable  excepting  by  those  to  whom  the  right  of  audience  has  been  given 
previou.sly.  He  gives  audience  here  to  am1>assadors,  his  ministers  and  other  officials,  and  entertain* 
sometimes.  The  palace  commands  fine  N-iews  across  the  Kospliorus  to  Asia.  Offices  of  various 
functionaries,  a  harem  and  a  inosciue  are  situate<l  conveniently  near  the  palace,  within  the  inclosur* 
•acred  to  Ottoman  majesty. 

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WASHINGTON    MONUMENT,  WASHINGTON,  U.  S.  A The   highest  artificial    elevation   in  the  world  was 

completed  ninety-nine  years  after  its  inception.  It  combines  the  two  intentions  of  a  monument  to  "the  father  of  his 
country,"  and  of  an  historical  column.  A  vote  for  the  first-named  purpose  was  given  by  the  Continental  Congress,  in 
1783.  Both  are  mentioned  in  L'Enfant's  original  plan  of  the  Federal  City,  and  the  monument  stands  on  what  would 
have  been  the  site  for  an  equestrian  statue  of  George  Washington,  had  the  purpose  of  the  vote  of  1783  been  carried  out 
to  the  letter.  The  corner-stone  of  the  shaft  was  laid  on  July  4,  1848,  and  on  December  6,  1884,  the  capstone,  weighing 
3300  pounds,  was  placed  in  position.  I^rom  basement  to  tip  of  this  grand  monument  is  555  feet,  and  it  weighs  80,000 
tons.     Dedicatory  services  took  place  July  4,  1885. 

387 


SHERIDAN'S  RlDIi,  NNASHINQTON,  D,  C The  slirriiiK  ijotiu  of  SlKnilaii's  cticoiauu  uui;  oi  umu^  ""— . 

from  Wiiu-lifsti-r  to  tin-  scene  of  battle  on  I'ront  Royal  pike,  where  his  timely  arrival  snntchc<l  \Hclory  from  defeat,  h«» 
been  incorporated  into  e<iuestrian  bronze,  an<l  is  now  regarded  as  one  of  the  most  onianiental  and  spiritetl  pieces  of  the 
plastic  art  at  the  National  Capital.  It  is  a  life-sizeil  e<iuestrian  figure,  faithful  to  nature  aud  the  occasion,  and  is  here 
reproduced  with  nil  the  exactitude  of  the  photographic  art. 


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DIVINITY  HAIL,  VALK  UNIVBRSITY. 


TME  UNION  THBOLO<]ICAL  SbMINARY,  NEW  YORK. 

The  mention  of  Vale  University  suggests  the  name  of  IH.  Noah  Porter,  who  administered  its  affairs  with  solid 
success  during  fifteen  years,  /)eginning  in  1871.  College  funds  increased  over  75  per  cent  during  his  prvsidencv,  which 
was  also  remarkable  for  the  addition  of  important  college  buildings.  Among  them  are  Duinilv  Hall  an«i  Bacon 
Memorial  Mall,  for  the  Theological  DepiirtmenL— The  Union  Theological  Seminarv.  New  Vork,  has' been  open  for  the 
occuiMincy  of  stuileiits  since  1884.  They  may  belong  to  any  of  the  ortlio<lox  denominations.  In  1870  Uie  directors 
voted  to  make  a  yearly  re|K)rt  to  the  (ieneral  Assemblv  of  the  I'resbytcriau  Church,  which  body  was  also  given  the 
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CHICAQO  STOCK  YARDS.— Small  Packers'  Plants.    Hain  Road  to  Packing  Houses  and  Cattle  Pens. 


CHICAaO  STOCK  YARDS Bird's-bye  View  oi  the  Cattle  Pens.    PackinK  hou.ies  in  the  Distance. 

The  Union  Stock  Yards  and  Transit  CoiiUMiny,  Chicago,  owns  a  siwcc  covering  ,^io  acres  for  the  tcniporarj'  accom- 
nodation  of  cattle,  hogs,  sheep,  calves  and  horses.  Adjacent  are  buildiii)^  of  iMckiti);  houses  occupying  the  same  area. 
The  combinctl  premises  are  a  square  mile,  the  site  of  a  city  of  slaughter  which  has  no  rival.  On  November  19,  188S, 
ao,<)68  cattle  were  received  there;  on  I)ecemt)er5,  18.S4,  66,597  hogs.  In  1S.S9,  ift^.x^b  railntad  cars  were  used  in  the 
trans|M>rtjilioti  of  cattle  to  Chicago  from  the  West.  ICach  of  the  two  lending  jxicking  hou.ses  employ's  steadily  between 
(,ouo  ttiul  6,uuQ  men  in  work  deftly  accomplislied  and  without  cruelty  to  tlie  victims  of  human  hunger. 

3vb 


A  GLIMPSE  OF  ARABIA,  AS  SEEN  AT  WORLD'S  FAIR,  CHICAGO.— The  above  is  a  real  undegenerate 
Arabian  street  to  be  seen  at  the  Chicago  World's  Fair.  It  is  a  typical  Arabian  street  of  the  past,  without  the  alterations 
which  time  has  effected.  This  street  is  a  charming  aggregation  of  mosques  and  twenty -five  houses  of  the  town,  selected 
from  the  most  characteristic  specimens  from  the  far-off  age  of  Toulon  to  the  last  century. 


AZTEC  AND  INDIAN  HOMES  AT  THE  WORLD'S  FAIR.— The  Aztec  and  Indian  homes  on  exhibition  at 
the  Chicago  Fair  are  just  as  natural  and  true  to  life  as  when  in  our  school  days  we  saw  them  illustrated  and  read  about 
them  in  the  geography  of  our  times.  The  Indian  hut  differs  very  materially  from  the  more  solidly  constructed  homes 
of  the  more  refiuetl  ."iztecs,  who  were  an  intelligent  people,  even  when  Pizarro  invaded  Mexico. 

397 


FRENCH  RENAISSANCE  AT  THE  WORLD'S  FAIR The  civnlized  world  is  familiar  with  the 

Renaissance  style  of  I'rench  architecture,  as  exhibited  at  the  Chicago  Fair.  It  is  strictly  in  keeping  with 
structures  found  an<l  used,  not  only  in  France,  but  in  Kngland  and  America,  for  suburban  residences.  The 
style  is  adopted  in  this  country  more  for  its  novelty  than  for  any  advantages  it  is  presumed  to  possess. 


AUDITORlUn  HOTEL,  ON  niCHIQAN  AVENUE,  CHICAGO — This  is  one  of  the  largest  hotels  in  this  or«ii;r 
other  country,  and  will,  no  doubt,  attract  <iuite  as  much  attention  as  the  exhibits  within  the  inclosure  of  the  Fair 
grounds.  It  is  thoroughlv  fire-proof;  it  contains  all  the  latest  modern  improvements;  is  funiishc<l  with  the  costliest 
parlor,  diniug-room  ami  chamber  furniture,  and  ia  the  equal,  if  not  the  superior,  of  the  hotels  in  any  city  of  the  Union. 

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AN  OLD  STONE  TOWER  AT  NEWPORT,  R.  I A  great  amount  of  research  has  been  made  and  much  specu- 
lation indulged  in  concerning  the  history  and  uses  of  the  stone  tower  at  Newport,  Rhode  Island,  out  of  which  has 
resulted  nothing  definite  nor  satisfactory.  Fenimore  Cooper,  the  novelist,  terms  it  a  mill,  and  claims  for  it  an  origin 
as  remote  as  the  times  of  the  Norsemen,  who  are  supposed  to  have  preceded  Columbus  in  his  voyage  to  this  hemis- 
phere. By  some  it  is  supposed  to  have  been  erected  as  a  fortress  several  centuries  ago,  before  the  landing  of  the 
Pilgrims.  But,  whatever  the  object,  it  was  certainly  constructed  by  those  who  were  familiar  with  the  uses  of  the 
plumb,  level  and  square,  of  which  the  natives  of  that  region  were  ignorant.  It  antedates  the  oldest  landmarks  of  the 
country,  and  bids  fair  to  hold  its  place  as  an  object  of  curiosity  for  centuries  to  come.  As  will  be  seen,  the  mill  is  a 
simple  stone  structure — a  circular  tower,  standing  upon  rude  pillars  connected  by  arches. 

403 


ICE  FREEZE  AT  NIAGARA. — Of  all  the  brilliant  and  fantastic  forms  which  nature  assumes,  nothing  exce-jds 
that  of  the  gelid  masses  which  rise  in  front  of  Niagara  during  a  protracted  freeze.  The  mountains  of  spray  which  ever 
rise  from  the  seething  abyss  of  the  majestic  cataract  and  spread  themselves  to  every  rock  in  channel  and  precipice, 
are  quickly  transformed  by  intense  cold  into  the  variegated  and  surprising  forms  here  presented  by  our  ariist.  The 
entire  rock  breastwork  of  the  awful  chasm  becomes  a  magnificent  system  of  pendulous,  icy  stalactites  far  mon 
gigantic  than  those  of  the  Mammoth  cave,  and  each  a  glittering  prism  reflecting  showers  of  colors.  The  channel  in 
front  of  the  falls  becomes  gradually  bridged  with  ice,  as  rock  after  rock  enlarges  to  touching  with  their  congelated 
burdens.  Then  as  the  spray  continues  to  settle  and  freeze,  the  bridge  assumes  the  proportions  of  a  mountain,  vying 
in  height  with  the  'al's  themselves,  and  presenting  one  of  the  most  gorgeous  and  fantastic  of  all  winter  scenes. 

405 


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CAVERN  CASCADE.  WATKINS  OLEN,  NEW  YORK,  V.  S.— The  Glen  is  three  miles  long,  and  in  to&te 
pliicfs  its  rooky  sides  urc  three  hundred  feet  deep.  It  is  a  resort  at  Uie  head  <.>{  Seneca  I<ake.  There  is  a  town  cmlled 
Watkiiis,  uikI  a  host  of  landlords  and  others  are  willing  to  promote  tlic  comfort  of  the  \-isitor — for  a  consideration. 
Industry  and  thrift  have  einploye<l  themselves  wisely  at  Watkins  t'.lcii,  the  varied  beauties  of  which  would  ha\-e  remained 
inaccessible  but  for  the  care  taken  to  provide  stairways  and  ladders,  with  landings  for  rest  and  observation,  and  bridges 
for  safe  (xissagc  between  di^v.y  heights  of  rtK'k.  Waterfalls  and  deep,  dark,  silent  {xrals;  gloomy  deptlis  and  sun<rowned 
cliffs;  rocky  sterility  and  the  periK-tual  greenness  of  moist  and  thriving  vegetation— these  are  some  of  the  contrasts  secD 
At  the  Glen.     Ijverybotly  who  goes  to  see  it  remarks  on  the  clear  green  of  its  waters. 

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A  VIEW  OF  CANAL  STREET  IN  THE  GREAT  STRIKE  AT  NEW  ORLEANS. 

This  giant  palm,  growing  on  an  estate  in  Fresno  County,  California,  is  suggestive  of  the  wonderful  resources  and 
extent  of  Uncle  Sam's  demesne.  His  opportunities  at  home  are  so  comprehensive  that  he  is  at  home  everywhere. — 
The  city  of  Osaka  has  innumerable  bridges  ;  on  its  waters  hundreds  of  junks  and  small  boats  move  up  or  down  with 
every  tide. — On  November  6,  1892,  the  Amalgamated  Labor  Council  having  so  decided,  all  the  Unions  connected  with 
it  began  to  take  part  in  a  battle  which  had  originated  in  a  demand  for  higher  wages  made  by  the  draymen  and  truck- 
men and  opposed  by  the  merchants  of  New  Orleans.     The  strikers  succeeded  in  closing  all  business. 

411 


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FORT  SAN  MARCO. — St.  Augustine,  Florida,  has  the  distinction  of  being  the  oldest  city  in  the  United  States 
built  by  Europeans.  It  is  thirty-six  miles  south  of  Jacksonville,  and  stands  on  a  low,  narrow  and  sandy  peninsula  but 
waive  feet  above  the  ocean  level.  Its  sea  front  of  a  mile  iu  length  is  a  granite  wall  whose  top  affords  a  splendid  drive. 
At  the  northern  end  of  this  wall  stands  the  old  fort  of  San  Marco,  now  called  Fort  Marion.  It  is  a  well-preserved 
specimen  of  Spanish  military  architecture,  and  was  finished  in  the  year  1756.  It  is  in  the  form  of  a  trapezium,  and 
■covers  about  four  acres  of  ground.  It  is  provided  with  a  moat,  outwork  walls  twenty-one  feet  high,  corner  bastions, 
heavy  casemates,  dungeons  and  subterranean  passages.  It  is  built  of  coquina,  a  curious  shelly  conglomerate,  quarried 
-^nd  carried  in  a  soft  condition  from  Anastasia  Island,  but  which  hardens  quickly  on  exposure. 

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out  AVILl    NI;aK  ASHBOROUQH.  N.  C._This  is  one  of  those  incluros<,uc  and  attracUve  scenes  which  fnxiuently 
Km-    the  cyr  of  the  trnvilcr  iti  the  old  north  State.     It  is  c<n,allv  suKK'cstivc  of  anticiuitv  and  poet^      l!ocatc<l  in  the 

?„Twh7;  flour  *„,'"n^il  r  rj  7'!'^' "'"', '^""''y  ^Ks-  »«•  '/«  the  story  of  a  lime  when  Rrists  we,^  Ix^rne  long  n.iU^  to  mill 
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i^?LT.r Tfrr^.  1      •.  'i";  .«'""«"'"«  °^"r  »>«"UM,e,I  water  wheel,  and  the  n.ot.otone  of  the  husv  burr.     Where 


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DARKTOWN  COURTSHIP. — The  illustration  is  self-interpreting,  written  in  a  language  which  everybody 
understands  While  the  wooer  is  hardly  an  ideal  hero  of  the  conventional  love  story,  his  plea  for  partnership  in  his 
humble  home  gives  promise  of  being  successful.  Thus  far  the  .\fro- American's  contributions  to  the  good  of  the 
community  have  taken  the  form  of  physical  labor  chiefly,  but  his  capacity  of  eloquent  expression  has  been  demon- 
strated in  the  forum  and  the  pulpit,  and  in  meritorious  verse  and  prose,  small  in  quantity  thus  far,  but  prophetic  of 
coming  wealth  of  oratory  and  literature.  In  music  he  has  already  made  a  reputation.  Time  will  develop  cultivation 
and  refinement,  and  the  strong  affection  of  the  African  nature  will  find  voice  in  verse  bearing  the  supremely 
interesting  and  peculiar  characteristics  which  mark  all  that  he  has  done  in  letters  and  in  art.  A  volume  of  love 
poem?  from  a  ''  darkey  "  poet  may  be  looked  for,  the  specimen  jewel  from  a  productive  mine. 

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PHASES  OP  THE  MISSISSIPPI   FLOODS.-To  keep  the  Missis-ippi  within  bounds  ii  one  of 

the  iiiost  (lifTicult  problems  <>l  the  nge.  The  nicnn-i  ailopte<l  for  this  end  have  so  far,  proved  inadequate, 
millions  of  dollars  having  been  spent  in  the  coiislruciion  of  tnihankincnti,  nsunllv  calle<l  leveea,  which 
arc  ant  to  break  when  they  are  most  needc<l.  Manifestly  the  hif^her  these  arliticial  barriers  the  weaker 
they  bccotnc.  and  the  raisinif  of  the  be<l  of  the  river  by  the  <1eposition  of  mud  necessitates  that  levees 
be  raisc<l  higher  and  higher,  thus  increasinij  their  inadenuiicv  and  the  danger  to  the  surrounding 
country.  I'iKures  indicating  the  cost  of  levers  and  only  the  direct  losses  caused  bv  floodi  are  appall- 
ingly large;  for  example,  the  account  of  the  Lower  Mississippi  Valley  with  the  river  since  the  war  to 
June,  1892,  shows  the  total  cost  of  h-gh  water  to  have  been  1116,933,410.  The  man  who  can  deviM 
means  to  control  the  Mississippi  will  deserve  well  of  his  country. 


STATE  CAPITOL,  BATON  kOUUii,  LOUISIANA.— This  very  striking  picture  presents  one  of  the  finest 
specimens  of  architecture  in  the  State  of  Louisiana.  It  is  that  of  the  State  Capitol  at  Baton  Rouge.  The  order  of 
architecture  is  not  decided,  but  it  is  one  of  those  bo'd  castellated  effects  which  becomes  the  elevation  on  which  it  is 
erected.  Since  the  entire  city  is  built  on  a  bluff,  and  the  capitol  on  an  elevation  within  the  city,  its  situation  \.: 
especially  attractive.  The  city  is  120  miles  above  New  Orleans,  and  on  the  Mississippi  River.  It  was  one  of  the  first 
settlements  of  the  French  on  the  banks  of  the  great  river,  and  uetween  it  and  New  Orleans  the  rivalry  for  the  honors 
of  the  capital  site  was  long  and  earnest. 

423 


Al{<)\  I     \M)  <)\  11^  IHE  BARGAIN. 


AT  THE  FOUNTAIN. 


THE  U.  S.  S.  ••  YORKTOWN."— The  "  Yorktown."  it  will  he  mncmhcred,  was  one  of  thcoritonal  Squadron  ^f 
Evolution.  Situ-i-  the  late  uni)leasiiitneHs  hetween  the  I'nited  States  nnil  Chili  the  "  Yorktown  "  has  iilone  representwl 
the  Anielicnn  Navv  in  Chilian  waters.  She  rei)laei-<l  the  "  lljiltiuiort-."  at  Valjvaraiso.  whose  gallant  tars  wctt  bruta^y 
•nauUol  by  a  Chilian  mob,  and  has  not  met  with  a  ninch  more  friendly  reception,  as  the  crew  of  Commander  Kvans' 
a\g  was  stoned  in  January  ia.st.  -"  AnovK  ASn  Ovkr  Tiik  Bakc.ain  "  is  an  excellent  picture,  conceiveil  and  executed 
by  that  jKipuIar  artist,  R  'C.uillon,  and  cxhibile<)  at  the  Paris  Salon.  It  contains  a  touch  of  humor  entirely  destroWnR 
any  syinjxithv  the  most  si-nsitivc  nature  iniKht  have  for  the  f;W\  who  loses  her  fish  in  n-MsUng  the  sailor. — "AT  THK 
I'"(il!NTAlN,"  a  charminj;  picture,  si-rious  in  tone  and  artistically  l)eautiful,  is  by  Diana  Coomans.  Tlic  girl  has  come 
to  the  fountain,  but  has  foruotton  her  misaion.  llcr  thoughts  are  away  in  Thcasaly,  where  her  lover  is  bearing  anna 
auaiiiHt  her  country's  invailers. 

426 


CRICKET  ON  THE  MANHEIM  GROUNDS,  QERMANTOWN. 


A  REPRESENTATIVE  PHILADELPHIA  CRICKET  TEAM. 

Philadelphians  of  English  birth  were  the  first  American  cricket  players.  They  set  up  their  wickets  in  1853,  and  in 
i860  the  game  had  become  established  in  the  favor  of  the  Quaker  City.  Several  foreign  teams  had  played  with  our 
crack  clubs  before  the  celebrated  visit  of  Lord  Hawke  and  the  players  under  his  captaincy,  who,  in  1891,  began  a 
series  of  games,  in  which  they  were  generally  victorious  over  their  American  opponents.  But  the  first  game  they 
played,  which  was  in  Philadelphia,  went  against  them,  the  Americans  having  eight  wickets  to  spare  at  its  conclusion. 
The  lower  picture  is  of  the  victorious  team  on  this  historic  occa,sion  led  by  William  Brockie.  Cricket  is  a  great  game, 
requiring  endurance  and  superior  skill  in  the  players.  Philadelphia  continues  to  be  its  headquarters  in  the  United 
States.  The  local  club  plays  on  the  Manheim  grounds,  Germantown,  bought,  with  the  Price  mansion  and  the  Littell 
homestead,  as  a  result  of  the  amalgamation  of  the  Young  America  and  Germantown  clubs.  The  mansion  was  converted 
into  the  fine  club-house  of  the  illustration. 

427 


FOOT-BALL.- PUTTINO  THE  BALL  IN  PLAY The  great  national  jtamt  of  bnse-hall  is  played  in  mtmtner: 

Interest  in  fcKH-lxilI  rulininnteN  in  the  strenuous  strugRles  by  college  lioys  on  and  before  Thanksjfixnng  Day.  Thus  far 
Knglanil  is  ahrnd  of  us  in  the  popularity  of  foot-l)all  and  in  the  number  of  fractures,  mutilations  and  deaths  resulting 
from  itH  indulgence;  but  the  widesjireail  excitement  cause*!  by  a  contest  in  America  seems  prophetic  of  our  probable 
future  equality  with  our  Knglish  cousins  in  this  form  of  sport,  which,  spite  of  the  little  drawbacks  mentioned,  bas 
much  to  reconunend  it.  Rough,  it  is  also  manly — no  milksop  can  l>c  a  fool-lwll  player;  and  it  necessitates  in  the 
adept  the  exercise  of  sound  and  ready  judgment,  as  well  as  fleetness,  purpose  and  agile  strength.  Gambling  and 
profcMJonalism  are  abuses  which  good  friends  of  the  game  should  do  all  they  can  to  discountenance. 


"r  rtr  irri — ruinnn^niifrr.  ijgi 


:t-^--;':S^'T''''"^^.^'^..  '■'^'rr^S^Sf'^^     .--.-.jJKBL-,  ■.  .-' 


c,S*.---,-x-'4.d« 


BATHING  HOUR  AT  NARRAGANSETT  PIER. 


INDIAN  DANCE  AT  HILES  CITY. 

The  pictures  represent  extremes  of  American  life.  In  the  one,  the  children  of  abui.  lance,  if  not  of  luxury,  and 
a  refined  civilization  are  enjoying  an  incident  of  their  summer  rest ;  in  the  other,  degraded  Cheyenne  Indians  are 
engaged  in  a  barbaric  dance  in  far-off  and  lonesome  Montana.  Indian  dances  are  becoming  less  significant  of  danger 
to  the  peace,  and  are  probably  oftener  an  act  of  commercial  enterprise  undertaken  (or  the  amusement  of  the 
white  people  than  the  spontaneous  expression  of  joy,  superstition  or  warlike  excitement.  But  to  a  pleasanter  subject. 
The  season  at  Narragansett  Pier  is  at  its  height  m  August.  Up  to  i  p.  m. ,  after  a  reasonable  post-breakfast  lounge 
bathing  is  the  chief  amusement,  enjoyed  on  a  beach  entirely  eligible  for  the  curDOse. 

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THE  NARROWS,  WILLIAHS  CAI^ON,  COLORADO,   U.   S.— Inanpronched  in  magnificence  are  thecailon* 
of  Culurado,  wliioh  fur  more  than  a  thuiiwiiul  inilu:)  of  length  ri.so  not  less  than  from  a  thousand  feet  to  twelve  hundred 
feet  in  |)eri>eii(lii-iilar  cliffjt;  and   the  CtrHiid  Cation,   for  more   than   two   hundred  .niles.  has  no  rocks  less  than  lour 
r\l  the  junction  of  tne  Grand  and  Green  rivers  there  is  jirtxluced  a  lloo<i  iK-hcvcd  to  be  equal  in 


volume  to  Niagara.  Meeting  in  a  narrow  K"n(^-  more  tlian  two  thousand  feet  deep,  at  the  place  where  the  caitons 
of  Colorado  l>egin,  its  waters  dash  on  to  the  Hirst  Cataract,  a  ilesccnt  made  with  a  velocity  truly  awful,  the  rush 
checkc<l  here  and  there  liy  rocks,  lluis  fonning  whirlpools.  Where  the  walls  of  the  chasm  approach  more  nearly,  the 
haste  of  the  flood  is  angcnciited  to  a  speed  calculated  at  a  mile  iu  eighty  seconds.  Williams  Canon  combines  the 
tieautiful  with  the  sublime. 

4Z1 


THE  YELLOWSTONE  NATIONAL  PARK :  THE  UPPER  PALL.— A  visitor  tells  the  story  of  the  varied  charms 
of  the  Yellowstone  National  Park  when  he  says  that  witliin  a  compass  of  one  hundred  square  miles  there  are  gathered 
the  loveliest  valleys,  the  grandest  canons,  the  most  marvelous  mountains,  lakes,  rivers,  springs  and  cascades  that  the 
eye  can  dwell  on.  In  addition  there  are  all  sorts  of  natural  phenomena  ;  sulphur  mountains,  an  obsidian  mountain, 
a  mud  volcano,  petrified  forests  and  over  ten  thousand  active  geysers,  hot  springs,  fumaroles,  solfataras,  salses  and 
boiling  pools.  The  grandest  aud  the  most  grotesque  natural  scenery  are  all  flung  together  in  astonishing  profusion  at 
the  Yellowstone  National  Park.  A  journey  to  this  wonderful  region  can  be  enjoyed  from  all  parts  of  the  country,  and, 
spacious  and  comfortable  hotels  await  the  coming  of  visitors,  who  can  indulge  their  own  sweet  will  without  exorbitant 
expense.  One  ofthe  great  sights  ofYellowstone  is  the  Upper  Fall,  shown  in  the  illustration,  which  is  145  feet  in  height. 
38  43a 


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VINEYARD  SCHM;  Ai    UL  HOUELO 


YELLOWSTONE  NATIONAL  PARK:  THE  OBSIDIAN  CLIFFS. 


-The 


many  i 
Obsidian  cliffs  are  an 


cou 

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hundred  persons.     Cultivation  reaches  a  high  degree  of  perfection  in  the  vineyard. - 

expression  of  natural  originality  and  picturesqueness  worth  crossing  a  continent  to  see.     Takin"-  his  departure  from 

the  Mammoth  Hot  Springs  Hotel  the  pilgrim  at  tlie  Yellowstone  National  Park,  intent  upon  seei".;>  the  geysers  must 

needs  pass  these  wonderful  objects,     fhey  are  of  volcanic  origin,  black  in  some  aspects,  deep  green  in  others  and  of 

dazzling,  almost  blinding,  brilliancy  where  the  full  light  of  the  sup  strike?  thsm 


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FORI    POINT,  5AN  FRANCISCO  HARBOR. 


nR5.  HARK  HOPKINS'S  HANSION,  SAN   FRANCISCO. 

...  ''''"  Frnncinco  liarbor  U  Ust  swii.  |«rli;ii)s  cntiriiiK  ff"'"  t'n'  mm.     CoiiriiK  in,  the  .UltKlitcd  vo.  .  „  f>igantic 

IiiUh,  tw<i  thousniKl  fi-ct  IukIi,  on  his  l.-ft  Intnl.  nii.l  k-s  loflv  but  itniiressive  heifthts  on  his  riRht.  ProcecdinR.  the  peak 
of  luninnliiKis  lifts  unimlly  its  loflv  fonn  on  the  left,  nnd  the  straits  leading  to  the  Golden  Gate  own  before  him. 
I^ookinK'  iKvond  them  he  sees  the  fortificitions  on  the  island  r.x-k  of  Alr:itra/.  while  TamauHpas  looms  up  huKelv  in 
the  bevoiid.  Angeles  Isl.md.  clothid  in  kuhiiius.*,  lies  betwii-n  Alc.itraz  and  the  shore,  and  to  the  left  of  this 
f<)iliricd  riK-k,  G(M<t  Island,  while  to  its  ri^'lit  is  the  fortresi  of  the  iUiistrntir.n.  The  Prcsi<lio  now  conu-s  into  clear 
view,  and  the  stately  ottv  closes  the  steiie  — Wh.it  is  known  as  Mrs  Mark  Hopkins's  house  st.imls  on  Nob  Hill  San 
Franciseo.  Its  jiresent  nsi-  as  n  picture  Kullery  and  art  school  is  ad-ipteil  admirablv  to  the  buildinir.  which  contain* 
Ulirty-three  xpnciou^  rooms  jtroni)ed  about  a  high,  central.  oovere<J  roof. 

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BATTLE  OF  SHILOH. — Fought  at  Pittsburgh  Landing,  on  the  Tennessee  River,  April  6  and  7,  1862,  between 
the  forces  of  General  Grant  and  General  A.  S.  Johnston.  Johnston  attacked  Grant  with  a  superior  force  on  the 
6th,  and  drove  him  back  in  confusion  to  the  river  and  with  great  loss.  Buell  arrived  with  reinforcements,  and  on 
the  7th  the  Confederates  were  driven  from  the  field  with  severe  loss.  Hardly  any  battle  of  the  war  was  more 
desperately  fought. 


SIEQE  OF  VICKSBURO. — Vicksburg,  on  impregnable  bluffs,  was  regarded  as  the  kev  to  the  "  Father  of 
Waters."  Vain  attempts  had  been  made  by  the  Union  forces  to  take  it  in  front.  At  length  Grant  marched  his 
army  of  70,000  men  to  the  rear,  and  approached  it  by  siege  operations  lasting  over  two  mouths,  and  ending  in 
the  capture  of  the  place  with  the  entire  Confederate  Armv,  July  4,  1S63. 

443 


BA1TLE  OF  ALLATOONA  PASS.— This  celebrated  pass  is  in  Bartow  County,  Georgia,  40  miles  north  of 
Atlanta,  (ieiieral  J.  K.  Johnston,  in  his  retreat  before  Sherman's  Army,  made  a  heroic  stand  at  this  pass  in  May, 
1864.  A  <lesf)erate  battle  was  fought  and  the  pass  was  held,  but  Sherman  compelled  its  evacuation  by  a  flank 
movement. 


BATTLE   OF   OETTYSBURO. -(.enernl    I^c  with 


I-cnnsylvHiiiii.  iind  was  inlercente<l  at  Gettysburg,  bv  General  Mrnde  with  Hn'c<|U 
'Jatllo  wiiH  joined  nnd  fought  through  the  I'st,  3d  and  3d  of  July,  1.H65.  On  July  4, 
of  3i,<x)<)  killed  and  woundeil.     The  I'nton  loss  was"  23.000.  "  The  Rebellion  re«( 


Gettysburg,  and  after  that  began  to  decline 


Confederate    Anny  of    100,000   strong    invaded 

ally  strong  I'nion   Army. 

Lee  retreated,  with  a  loas 

reached  high-water  mark  at 


444 


BATTLE  OF  ANTIfcTAfl. — Fiercely  fought,  September  17,  1862,  between  the  Union  forces,  under  Genera!, 
McClellan,  and  the  Confederates,  under  General  Lee,  the  former  estimated  at  87,000,  and  the  latter  at  90,000. 
Losses  about  13,000  on  either  side.  I<ee  was  turned  from  his  invasion  of  the  North,  and  on  September  18,  19, 
retreated  to  the  Virginia  side  of  the  Potomac. 


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BATTLE  OF  SPOTTSYLVANIA.— Tliis  desperate  sanguinary  battle  was  the  first  between  the  forces  of 
Grant  and  Lee  after  the  fight  in  the  Virginia  Wilderness.  It  resulted  in  great  slaughter,  and  the  Confederates 
could  not  be  driven  from  their  strong  positions.  Grant,  however,  passed  them  by  a  flank  movement,  on  May 
20,  1864,  and  made  a  bold  push  toward  Richmond,  which  compelled  Lee  to  retreat. 

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by  Congress  in  18  t,.  with  that  of  the  cruisers  "  Boston  "  and  "Atlanta"  and  the  despatch-boat  "  Dolphin."  This 
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FOR  I   WINFIELD  SCOTT,  SAN  FRANCISCO  HARBOR. 

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the  years  1S17  and  i8^i.  In  ditnensions  it  ninks  with  the  Inrvjest  fortresses  in  the  world,  indeed  is  said 
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NEW  YORK'S  (iRIil.TINO  TO  COLUHBUS  :  THH  NUiHT  PAGEANT.— After  the  military  review  on 
October  12,  1892,  a  great  crowd  witnessed  the  unveiling  of  the  CoUimlms  Monument.  Then  folluwe<i  the  night 
pageant,  which,  as  tlie  mirthful  Artenius  was  wont  to  observe,  wasciuile,  "  3  much  "  after  a  fatiguing  day.  I'cople 
■went  home  to  bed  in  many  thousjinds  long  before  it  was  over.  The  reviewing  stand  in  Madison  Scjuare  wa« 
packed  by  half- past  eight,  but  it  wius  midnight  l)efore  5000  bicyclers  began  the  procession.  I'loats  rolled  past  under 
streaming  banners  and  brilliant  illuminations,  with  few  to  admire  and  none  to  applaud.  The  uigbt  pageant  WM 
something  of  a  failure  iu  itself  and  almost  an  absolute  one  in  the  luditrercnce  willi  which  it  was  regarded. 


■:S8 


FORBIDDEN  LONOINGS.-The  old  monk  interprets  on  his  mandolin  the  harmonies  he  finds  within  •  in  him 
expenence  and  patience  have  wrought  their  perfect  work.  The  soul  of  the  yonng  manTs  hstracled  w  t  thono^l,?^ 
prompted  by  he  natural  and  noble  impulses  of  youth.  Through  the  open  whulo^,  in  tl^e  distance  arf  he  scfi^s 
of  those  useful  act.vit.es  .n  wh.ch  there  might  have  been  a  share  for  h.iu  but  for  his  vows.  A  balmv  at  losnhere 
the  songs  of  birds,  the  long.,.gs  of  his  youth,  turns  this  young  man's  fancy  to  thoughts  of  love.  No  wonder  tlfat  the 
^8,^,  b^T  K^V't/"  ^^?T  "^gl^'^t'^.d  «"  the  floor  of  the  monastic  cell.-"  "Forbidden  Long  ngs  °  was  pai  ted  i^n 
1877,  by  Toby  F  Ro,semhal,an  American  artist  born  of  German  parents,  at  New  Haven,  Conn  He  beean  iL  art 
studies  in  San  Francisco  and  continued  them  at  the  Royal  Academy,  Munich.  Most  of  his  "fe  hal  been  spent Tn 
^onsckn'tiou^an^^t.'"       "°'-''  '^  '^''""^  ^'^"^  ^'"""^  ""  "-^'^-^I'-e   the  triumphs  of  thfs  v?ry  capabTe  aiJd 

459 


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PORT  OF  SPAIN:  QURRN'S  ROAD.— I.a  Trinidail  was  so  nnnu-d  by  Columlnis,  in  i49-*<.  t'l^  ■■•■■'• 
niouutaiii  peaks  at  Mcnuipi  surmounting  a  cotiunon  base,  sugKOsting  the  Trinity  to  his  <levonl  nuuU. 
Previously,  the  orijpnal  inhabilanls  had  called  it  lere.  the  land  of  Imniniing-birds.  which  name  is  eminently 
suggestive  of  the  glorious  beauty  of  the  island,  and  appropriate,  seeing  that  there  are  twenty  species  of  thos." 
beautiful  little  creatures  flying  in  its  gorgeous  gardens  and  forests.  Trinidad  has  lofty  mountains,  i^-ateifaiU. 
virgin  forests,  and  valleys  richly  cultivated  ami  watered  by  cryst,'il  streams.  Us  inhabitants  arc  in  the  constant 
enjoyment  of  a  pleasant  climate,  delicious  fruits  and  vegetables,  and  su]icrb  and  fragrant  flowers.  Port  of 
Spain  is  the  capital  citv  of  the  island  and  its  seaport.  Nearly  every  langiiage  is  spoken  m  this  iDterestiog 
place.    The  most  l)eautiful  part  of  the  city  is  Queen'.s  Park,  adjacent  to  watch  is  Queen's  RowL 

464 


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